1. Often dismissed as germs that cause illness, they help us
do an amazing array of useful things, like make vitamins
break down some types of garbage, and maintain our
atmosphere.
Answers
Answer:
Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a
needle. They are the oldest form of life on earth. Microbe fossils date back
more than 3.5 billion years to a time when the Earth was covered with oceans
that regularly reached the boiling point, hundreds of millions of years before
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Introduction dinosaurs roamed the earth. Without microbes, we couldn’t eat or breathe.
Without us, they’d probably be just fine.
Bacteria
Many of us know bacteria only as “germs,” invisible to naked eyes that can
invade our bodies and make us sick. Few know that many bacteria not only
coexist with us all the time, but help us do an amazing array of useful things
like make vitamins, break down garbage, and even maintain our atmosphere.
These are unicellular microorganisms that are classed as plants. A bacterial cell
is about 1µm in length and somewhat smaller in diameter. Bacteria are
classified according to their shape. Cocci are spherical, bacilli are cylindrical
and spirilla and vibrios are spiral. Bacterial spores are more heat resistant than
yeast or mold spores to most processing conditions. Bacteria, with a few
exceptions cannot grow i
Explanation:
Answer:
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Explanation:
Microbes are omnipresent in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the environment in which they grow. The effects of microbes on their environment can be beneficial or harmful or inapparent with regard to human measure or observation. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (N). Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic (cellular) material. The process is also called CO2 fixation, and it accounts for a very large portion of organic carbon available for synthesis of cell material. Decomposition or biodegradation results in the breakdown of complex organic materials to other forms of carbon that can be used by other organisms. There is no naturally occurring organic compound that cannot be degraded by some microbe, although some synthetic compounds such as Teflon, plastics, insecticides, and pesticides are broken down very slowly or not at all. Through the microbial metabolic processes of fermentation and respiration, organic molecules are eventually broken down to CO2 which is returned to the atmosphere for continuous process of primary production. Biological nitrogen fixation is a process found only in some bacteria which remove N2 from the atmosphere and converts it to ammonia (NH3), for use by the plants and animals. Nitrogen fixation also results in replenishment of soil nitrogen removed by agricultural processes. Thus along with all these benefits, microbes greatly contribute in maintaining sustainability of environment. This chapter mainly focuses on beneficial and harmful impacts of microbes on environment and their role to maintain quality, health, and sustainability of environment.
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