Question

1.
QUESTIONS
Which of the following atoms can have more than 8 outermost electrons when it forms a covalent
compound?
1) N
2) F
3) B
4) CI

Answer 1

Answer:

Only atoms with empty d orbital can achieve more than 8 electrons in a covalent bond. The electronic configuration of sulphur in ground state is [Ne]3s2 3p4. In this state it has two unpaired electron so it can make only two bonds.

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Answer 2

Answer:

CI have more than 8 outermost electrons when it forms a covalent compound.

Explanation:

The excitation of a vacant d orbital results in a Cl atom that can have more than eight valence electrons when it forms a hypervalent compound such as HClO4. Because 8 electrons are enough to fill the first two subshells. After this point, more electrons are added to the higher energy subshells, meaning they are not as tightly bound (as higher energy means in this context).

Let me give you a little more detail.

Electrons in an atom form so-called standing waves, which simply means a wave that is confined to a certain region. A simple example of a standing wave is a vibration on a string, because the vibration simply reflects back when it hits the end of the string.

Now, standing waves tend to form so-called harmonics. Going back to our wave train example, if we pick a random frequency (corresponding to a certain wavelength) and vibrate the string at that frequency, the reflected waves will likely interfere with each other. However, if we choose the right frequency, the reflected waves will overlap and the string will be able to maintain a nice standing wave at that frequency. The possible standing waves are known as first harmonic, second harmonic, etc. As the musicians among you already know, they respond to notes.

This is a problem of chemical.

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