Question

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions belowin complete sentences: Education is vital to the future of India, because it is the most important element in converting our youthful population into a national asset. We have 540 million Indians under the age of 25; if they are educated and trained properly to take advantage of all that 21st century India can offer them, they will constitute a ‘demographic dividend’ that will endow India with a productive workforce for the next three decades, while the rest of the world is ageing. Education is of course indispensable in the social transformation of our country and in building a just and equitable society here. India has a younger population not only in comparison to advanced economies but also in relation to the large developing countries. As a result, the labour force in India is expected to increase by 32 per cent over the next 20 years, while it will decline by 4.0 per cent in industrialised countries and by nearly 5.0 per cent in China. This ‘demographic dividend’ can add immeasurably to our growth potential, provided two conditions are fulfilled. First, higher levels of health, education and skill development must be achieved. Second, an environment must be created in which the economy not only grows rapidly, but also enhances good quality employment and livelihood opportunities to meet the needs and aspirations of the educated youth. The three important pillars of higher education are Access, Equity and Quality. We have rightly focused on universal access to education, in a country which at the time of Independence had a literacy rate of only 17%. We have brought that upto 72%, but we still have a long way to go. Equity is vital, in order to ensure that our underprivileged communities and those at the bottom of the pyramid are not excluded from the benefits of education. But in the necessary focus on access and equity, we have arguably not done enough to promote quality. 1. How can we ensure that our youthful population constitutes a ‘demographic dividend’ in the future? (2)
2. What conditions should be fulfilled to ensure that the ‘demographic dividend’ adds to our growth potential? (2)
3. What are the three pillars of higher education? (2)
4. According to this passage, in what way is the labor force in India expected to change in comparison to the labour force in industrialized countries over the next 20 years? (2)
5. Give a suitable title to this passage. (2) ​

Answer 1

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