Question

1 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

A new study has found that the giant panda’s distinct black-and-white markings have two

functions: camouflage and communication. The scientists who earlier uncovered why zebras

have black-and-white strips, took the colouration question to giant pandas in the latest study.

“Understanding why the giant panda has such striking colouration has been a long-standing

problem in biology that has been difficult to tackle because virtually no other mammal has this

appearance, making analogies difficult,” said Tim Caro, a professor at the University of

California, Davis in the U.S. “The breakthrough in the study was treating each part of the body

as an independent area,” said Mr. Caro. This enabled the team to compare different regions of

fur across the giant panda’s body to the dark and light colouring of 195 other carnivore species

and 39 bear sub-species, to which it is related.

Then they tried to match the darkness of these regions to various ecological and behavioural

variables to determine their function. Through these comparisons, the study found that most of

the panda – its face, neck, belly, rump – is white to help it hide in snowy habitats. The arms and

legs are black, helping it to hide in shade.

The scientists suggest that this dual colouration stems from its poor diet of bamboo and inability

to digest a broader variety of plants. This means it can never store enough fat to go dormant

during the winter, as do some bears. So it has to be active year-round, travelling across long

distances and habitat types that range from snowy mountains to tropical forests. The markings

on its head, however, are not used to hide from predators, but rather to communicate. Dark ears

may help convey a sense of ferocity, a warning to predators. Their dark eye patches may help

them recognize each other or signal aggression towards panda competitors.

“This really was a Herculean effort by our team, finding and scoring thousands of images and

scoring more than 10 areas per picture from over 20 possible colours,” said Ted Stankowich, a

professor at California State University, Long Beach, in the U.S. “Sometimes it takes hundreds

of hour of hard work to answer what seems like the simplest of questions,” Mr. Standkowich

said.

1a What is so unusual about the Panda? 1

1b Why was it difficult to understand the colouration of the Panda? 1

#1c How did the breakthrough happen? 2

#1d Describe in detail the impact of the differential colouration of the Panda’s body. 4

#1e What is the diet of the Panda? 1

#1f Give a suitable title to the passage. 1

#1g Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following: 10

i concealment ii equivalence iii environmental

iv two-fold v inactive vi animals who prey on others

vii violent behaviour viii fierceness ix extremely difficult effort

x easiest

#2 Choose the correct form of the verb from within the brackets so as to make it agree with the

Answer 1

you can ask upenderjoshi28

Answer 2

The legend GIANT PANDA