Question

1. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow (1)
Scientists have suggested that smoking may be a factor for developing psychotic illnesses like
schizophrenia
The analysis by researchers from Kings College London, which was published in the Lancet
Psychiatry journal, found that people who suffer from psychosis are three times more likely to
smoke than the rest
white this association is nothing new, the research has been conducted into whether
molding could actually be a causal factor for psychosis.
Analysing data from 61 studies, comprising 15000 smokers and 273000 non-smokers,
conducted around the world between 1980 and 2014, the team found that 579 of people first
diagnosed with psychosis were smokers. The researchers also found that daily smokers
developed psychotic liness around a year earlier than non-smokers. It has long been
hypothesised that higher smoking rates among psymhosis sufferers could be explained by
people seeking relief from boredom or distress or self-medicating against the symptoms or
wide-effects of antipsychotic medication. But if this were so, researchers expect smoking rates
to increase only after people had developed psychosis.
However, the findings failed to prove its causation, with the researchers saying that some of
the studies they looked at did not take into account possible confounding factors, such as
whether smokers were also regular cannabis users, something psychotic illness is associated
with Researchers suggested a possible explanation for the link could be smoking's impact on
levels of the chemical dopamine in the brain, which also plays a role in psychotic illness.
However, Dr lames McCabe, clinical lecturer in psychosis studies at the King's Institute of
Paychiatry, Paychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN) said smaking should be taken seriously as
possible risk factor for psychosis and not dismissed as a consequence of the illness". Sir
Robin Murray, professor of psychiatric research at the loPPN said, "Excess dopamine is the
best biological explanation we have for psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia. It is
possible that nicotine exposure, by increasing the release of dopamine, causes psychosis to
develop"
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using headings and
sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary (minimum 4). Supply a
suitable utle to it. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80-100 words. (3)​

Answer 1

Answer:

1

Explanation:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow (1)

Scientists have suggested that smoking may be a factor for developing psychotic illnesses like

schizophrenia

The analysis by researchers from Kings College London, which was published in the Lancet

Psychiatry journal, found that people who suffer from psychosis are three times more likely to

smoke than the rest

white this association is nothing new, the research has been conducted into whether

molding could actually be a causal factor for psychosis.

Analysing data from 61 studies, comprising 15000 smokers and 273000 non-smokers,

conducted around the world between 1980 and 2014, the team found that 579 of people first