Question

1. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow: Look at the opposition between the pen and the sword. The sword can only destroy, ideas also can destroy – the ideas of Bolshevism destroyed Czarism; the ideas of Voltaire and Rousseau destroyed the French aristocracy. But ideas can also build, whereas the sword can only destroy. It is in fact the power of ideas which has brought us out of barbarism into such civilization as we have been able to achieve.“In what”, asked Aristotle, “Does man differ from the animal?” and answered, “it is by virtue of a reason.” The greatness of man consists in his thinking. The universe is vast, and man is tiny, but man has one advantage over the universe. He knows it is vast and he is tiny, but the universe does not. In this sense, that it is to ideas and not to violence, to the pen and not to the sword, that man owes whatever has distinguished him from animals, whatever has enabled him to rise above a purely savage condition. For the pen is the vehicle of thought, and it is by thought that man is enabled to voyage through the infinite in philosophy, to unlock the secrets of the universe, to create beauty and to commune with God, Questions: (i) What destroyed Czarism? 1 (ii) Who were responsible for the fall of the French aristocracy? 1 (iii) What has brought humankind out of barbarism into civilization? 1 (iv) What does the pen represent here? 1 (v) How do ideas and the sword differ from each other? 2 (vi) What, according to Aristotle, makes man different from the animal? 2 (vii) What i s the one advantage that man has over the universe?​

Answer 1

Answer:

1)ideas of Bolshevism

2)the ideas of Voltaire and Rousseau destroyed the French aristocracy

3)the power of ideas which has brought us out of barbarism into such civilization

4)the pen is the vehicle of thought, and it is by thought that man is enabled to voyage through the infinite in philosophy, to unlock the secrets of the universe, to create beauty and to commune with God

5)The sword can only destroy where as the pen is the vehicle of thought

6)“it is by virtue of a reason.” The greatness of man consists in his thinking. The universe is vast, and man is tiny, but man has one advantage over the universe

7)it is vast and he is tiny, but the universe does not.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

what has brought humankind out of barbarism into civilization?