1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow :
Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951 the
systems were nationalised as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest
networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systeins. Its operations
cover twenty-nine states and seven union territories and also provide limited international
services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Indian Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees, with over 1.307 million employees. As for rolling stock, I holds over 239281 freight
wagons, 62924 passenger coaches and 9013 locomotives.
The history of rail transport in India began in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1853, there was
not a single kilometre of railway line in India. By 1929, there were 66,000 km (41,000 mile) of
railway lines serving most of the districts of the country. At that point of time, the railways
represented a capital value of some British Sterling Pounds 687 million, and carried over 620
million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of goods a year. The railways in India were
a group of privately owned companies. The military engineers of the East India Company, later
of the British Indian company, contributed to the birth and growth of the railways which
gradually became the responsibility of civilian technocrats and engineers. The period between
1920 and 1929, was a period of economic boom; there were 66,000 km of railway lines serving
the country; railways represented a capital value of some 687 million sterling; and they carried
over 620 million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of goods each year. Following the
Great Depression, the railways suffered economically for the next eight years. The Second World
War severely crippled the railways. Starting in 1939, about 40% of the rolling stock including
locomotives ammunitions workshops and many railway tracks were dismantled to help theAllies in the war. By 1946, all rail systems had been taken over by the government.
Answers
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Answer:
1.The military engineers of the East India Company, later
of the British Indian company, contributed to the birth and growth of the railways which
gradually became the responsibility of civilian technocrats and engineers.
2.. The period between
1920 and 1929, was a period of economic boom; there were 66,000 km of railway lines serving
the country; railways represented a capital value of some 687 million sterling; and they carried
over 620 million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of goods each year. Following the
Great Depression, the railways suffered economically for the next eight years.
3.The Second World
War severely crippled the railways. Starting in 1939, about 40% of the rolling stock including
locomotives ammunitions workshops and many railway tracks were dismantled to help theAllies in the war. By 1946, all rail systems had been taken over by the government.
4.Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan
5.Indian Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility employer, by number of
employees, with over 1.307 million employees. As for rolling stock, I holds over 239281 freight
wagons, 62924 passenger coaches and 9013 locomotives.
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