1. Reading Comprehension:
Lena Mukhina
The following excerpt is from the diary of Lena
Mukhina, a teenage girl who had undergone the
atrocities of Germans when they fortified the city of
Leningrad. The siege of Leningrad is an important
landmark in the history of Russia. The siege of
Leningrad lasted from September 1941 to 1944. The
city was cut off from the rest of Russia. The Germans
continuously bombarded the city which resulted in
death, destruction, and starvation of the people.
However, the resolute Russians were warned in the
beginning that the enemy was at the gate and it was a
question of life and death. They fought bravely and
failed the Germans in their evil designs.
Read the excerpt and answer the questions that follow.
No one could possibly have known that the city would remain in the grip of siege for 872 days and nights.
But Leningrad's citizens had begun to feel the breath of war as early as September. Daily air raids and
artillery bombardment of residential neighborhoods drove the city's inhabitants into bomb shelters, several
times a day, and for hours at a time. People's initial curiosity in the aftermath of the first bomb attacks soon
gave way to fear and then, in conditions of appalling hunger and cold, to apathy. Leningraders welcomed
inclement weather for the reduced visibility it brought. They came to dread sunny days and moonlit nights,
when the Germans would be sure to bomb their city. Cloud cover, however, offered no protection from
artillery fire: in just over six months from the start of the siege there were only thirty-two days when shells
did not explode on the city's streets.
Hunger soon set in. Between September and November 1941 the bread rations that had been announced in
July were reduced five times, reaching their lowest point on 20 November— 125 'blockade grams' for
children, dependents and white-collar workers and 250g for manual workers, technicians and engineers.
Rations of meat, butter, sugar and other food items were severely reduced. The summer months and the
beginning of autumn, when it was still possible to buy food without ration cards in ordinary shops and
canteens were no more than a distant memory.
QUESTIONS :
Q-1 Who were the captives as stated in the above passage?
Q-2 Why did the people under siege welcome the bad weather conditions?
Q-3 What were the fears in the mind of the people?
Q-4 Have the people lost hope or reconciled to the existing situation?
Q-5 Which word in the passage means same as ‘disinterest’?
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