Question

1. State main functions of the following. (a) Mitochondria
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Vacuoles
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Answer 1

a. The most prominent roles of mitochondria are to produce the energy currency of the cell, ATP (i.e., phosphorylation of ADP), through respiration, and to regulate cellular metabolism. The central set of reactions involved in ATP production are collectively known as the citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle.

b. The golgi apparatus is a membrane bound organelle found in most cells. It is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles prior to secretion and therefore plays a key role in the secretory pathway.

c.

• Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell.
• Containing waste products.
• Containing water in plant cells.
• Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell.
• Maintaining an acidic internal pH.
• Containing small molecules.

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