1. State the functions of the following cell organelles.
(a) Nucleus (b) mitochondria (c) Golgi apparatus (d) chloroplast (e) lysosomes (f) vacuole.
Answers
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FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES :-
Nucleus :-
It controls all the metabolic activities in the cell and contains genetic information in the form of genes.
It regulates cell cycle adnd cell division.
It controls the growth in cell by governing the synthesis of structural proteins.
Mitochondria :-
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration called. Kern's cycle.Here,the food is oxidised by the use of molecular oxygen and energy is released in the form of ATP.
They provide intermediates for the synthesis of various biochemicals like steroids , fatty acids , chlorophyll and amino acids.
Golgi Apparatus :-
It helps in the secretion of mucus , enzymes and hormones by the formation of secretory vesicles ad vacuoles.
It helps in synthesis of cell wall plasma membrane and lysosome.
It helps in formation of complex sugars from simple sugars.
It helps in storing , modifying and packaging the material coming from endoplasmic reticulum.
Chloroplast :-
Chloroplasts traps the solar energy and transforms it into the chemical engery .
Lysosomes :-
It helps to remove the cell debris ,dead and worn out cell organelles.
It digest stored food contents like protein and fat in a controlled manner during starvation and provides necessary engery.
The lysosomes destroy the foreign particles ( pathogens).
Vacuoles :-
It helps the plant cell to remain turgid and rigid.
It maintains osmotic pressure in the cell.
It helps in the storage of sugar, amino acids , organic acids and proteins.
It helps in the digestion and excretion in lower organisms.
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Answer:
The functions of the subsequent cell organelles are as follows:
The nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes and structures that contain the hereditary information.
Mitochondria are well-known as the powerhouse of the cell, and as discussed within the section on Generation of ATP, Bioenergetics and Metabolism, in a lively tissue such as the heart, they're responsible for generating most of the ATP in the cell.
The Golgi body or Golgi apparatus , functions as a factory during which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the cell wall, or secretion.
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable energy via the photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth. Chloroplasts also provide diverse metabolic activities for plant cells, including the synthesis of fatty acids, and membrane lipids.
Lysosomes function because the digestive system of the cell serves both to degrade material haunted from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.
A vacuole may be a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In-plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. Sometimes one vacuole can take up most of the interior space of the plant cell.
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