Question

1. State the meaning of an economic problem. Explain the problem of how to
produce? ​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Answer 2

Answer:

1)An economic problem refers to any such problem in the economy that is concerned with the production of goods and services to satisfy the unlimited wants of the economy through the utilization of scarce resources.

2)The problem of ‘how to produce’ means which combination of resources is to be used for the production of goods and which technology is to be made use of in production. Once the society has decided what goods and services are to be produced and in what quantities, it must then decidehow these goods shall be produced. There are various alternative methods of producing a good and the economy has to choose among them.

For example, cloth can be produced either with automatic looms or with power looms or with handlooms. Fields can be irrigated (and hence wheat can be produced) by building small irrigation works like tube-wells and tanks or by building large canals and dams. Therefore, the economy has to decide whether cloth is to be produced by handlooms or power looms or automatic looms. Similarly, it has to be decided if irrigation has to be done by minor irrigation works or by major works. Obviously, it is a problem of the choice of production techniques.Different methods or techniques of production would use different quanti­ties of various resources. For instance, the production of cloth with handloom would make use of more labour and less capital. Production by handloom is, therefore, called labour-intensive technique of production. Production of cloth with powerloom or automatic loom would utilise less labour and more capital. Production with powerlooms is, therefore, called capital-intensive technique. Thus, the economy has to choose whether it wants to use for production labour-intensive methods orcapital-intensive methods of produc­tion.

Obviously, the choice between different methods would depend on the factor-supply situation and the prices of the factors of production. The criterion, it is obvious, must be the cost of production. It is well known that the resources are scarce. However, some resources are more scarce than others. It is in society’s interest that those methods of production are employed that make the greatest use of relatively plentiful resources or, conversely, economies as much as possible on the relatively scarceresources.

Explanation:

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