1. Whar are pathogens ? Give examples. 2.Name scientist who first discovered pencillin antibiotic. 3.What is meant by symptoms of disease ? What do they indicate ? 4.What do the physicians do on basis of symptoms ? 5.Explain mode of transmition -: (i) Diarrhea (ii) Hepatitis 6. What are antibiotics ? 7. What are first level causes of disease ? 8. Why is female anopheles mosquito vector of malaria and not male anopheles mosquito ? 9.(i) Name disease that causes acidity related pain and bleeding in stomach and duodenum of affected human / (ii) Who recently proved that this disease doesn't caused bcoz of life style but is caused by bacterium ? (iii) Name causitive bacterium of this disease .
Answers
1. pathogenic organism is an organism capable of causing disease in its host. A human pathogen is capable of causing illness in humans. Common examples of pathogenic organisms include specific strains of bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria and E. coli, and viruses such as Cryptosporidium.
2.Alexander Fleming
3.A symptom is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease. It indicates the presence of bodily disorder.
4.The physicians diagnose a disease on the basis of symptoms.
5.i)Diarrhoea is usually a symptom of an infection in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. Infection is spread through contaminated food or drinking-water, or from person-to-person as a result of poor hygiene.
ii)The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral route; that is when an uninfected person ingests food or water that has been contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. In families, this may happen though dirty hands when an infected person prepares food for family members.
6.a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
7.The first level cause of a disease is the primary reason behind the development of a symptom for a disease.
8.Only certain species of mosquitoes of the Anopheles genus—and only females of those species—can transmit malaria. Malaria is caused by a one-celled parasite called a Plasmodium. Female Anopheles mosquitoes pick up the parasite from infected people when they bite to obtain blood needed to nurture their eggs. Inside the mosquito the parasites develop and reproduce. When the mosquito bites again, the parasites mix with its saliva and pass into the blood of the person being bitten.
9.Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They're usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids.