1. What are fuels? Explain the types of fuels with examples.
2. What is Calorific value? Give its unit.
3. State the important characteristics of an ideal fuel.
4. Why are methane and LPG considered ideal for use as domestic fuels?
5. Write the Calorific value of some fuels.
Fuel
Calorific value (KJ/g)
Fuel
Calorific value (KJ/g)
Wood pellets
Coal
Charcoal
Cow dung cakes
Coke
Kerosene
Petrol
Biogas
LPG
Methane
Hydrogen
Diesel
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Answers
Explanation:
Objective
This topic gives an overview of;
Fuel
Types of Fuels
Fuel Efficiency
Burning of Fuels
What is a Fuel?
The sources of heat energy for domestic and industrial purposes are mainly wood, charcoal, petrol, kerosene, etc. These substances are called fuels. A good fuel is one which is readily available. It is cheap. It burns easily in air at a moderate rate. It produces a large amount of heat. It does not leave behind any undersirable substances.
There is probably no fuel that could be considered as an ideal fuel. We should look for a fuel which fulfils most of the requirements for a particular use. Fuels differ in their cost. Some fuels are cheaper than others.
Types of Fuels
Fuels can be divided into three main categories
Solid fuels
Liquid fuels
Gaseous fuels
Solid fuels: Solid fuels left some ash or residue after combustion. The solid fuels are given below.
S. No. Solid Fuels
1 Coal
2 Cow dung cake
3 Wood
Liquid fuels: Most of the liquid fuels in use are the hydrocarbons which exist in the liquid phase at room temperature. The liquid fuels are given below.
S. No. Liquid Fuels
1 Petrol
2 Kerosene
3 Diesel
4 LPG
Gaseous fuels: Some of the gaseous fuels exist naturally at room temperature and some are made by the treatment of coal. The gaseous fuels are given below.
S. No. Gaseous Fuels
1 Biogas
2 CNG
3 Hydrogen
Fuel Efficiency
Suppose you were asked to boil a given quantity of water using cow dung, coal and LPG as fuel. The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg). Calorific values of some fuels are given in Table.
Calorific Values of Different Fuels
Fuel Calorific Value
(kJ/kg)
Cow dung cake 6000-8000
Wood 17000-22000
Coal 25000-33000
Petrol 45000
Kerosene 45000
Diesel 45000
Methane 50000
CNG 50000
LPG 55000
Biogas 35000-40000
Hydrogen 150000
Explanation:
About Fuels:-
Meaning of fuel is a substance that is burned to provide nuclear energy, heat or power. Materials like coal, wood, oil, or gas can provide heat when burned. Methanol, Gasoline, Diesel, Propane, Natural gas, Hydrogen are types of fuel. Nuclear energy is produced by burning plutonium.
Calorific Value:
Calorific value is the amount of energy released or produced when 1 kg of fuel burns or any other substance is burnt in the presence of oxygen and the products of combustion are cooled to STP.
SI unit:- kJ/kg
State the important characteristics of an ideal fuel.
1. The fuel should have high calorific value.
2. The fuel should have proper ignition temperature.
3. The rate of combustion should be balanced and moderate.
4. The content of non-volatile substances should be as low as possible.
5. There should be no poisonous or residue byproducts on combustion.
6. The fuel should be easily available in plenty.
7. The fuel should be available at a low cost.
8. There should be convenience in transporting the fuel and should be easily storable.
Why are methane and LPG considered ideal for use as domestic fuels?
Methane and LPG are considered ideal for use as domestic fuels because they have a high calorific value. They are cleaner fuels and leave no residues. Moreover, they donot release harmful gases into the atmosphere.
Calorific value of some fuels.
1. Wood pellets 17
2. Coal 25-33
3. Charcoal 35
4. Cow dung cakes 7
5. Coke 33
6. Kerosene 48
7. Petrol 47
8. Biogas 35-40
9. LPG 50
10. Methane 55
11. Hydrogen 150
12.Diesel roughly 45.5