(1)What are the conditions favouring the formation of an ionic bond?
(2)how do the alkali metals and halogen metals form ionic bond?
(3)Define the structure of following ionic compounds.
(a)calcium chloride
(b)magnesium chloride
(c)calcium oxide
(d)magnesium oxide
(e)aluminium oxide
(4) Difference between cations and anions.
(5)Define properties of ionic compound.
(6)Define covalent bond and its type with example.
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Answers
1)One of the atoms must be a metal and the other must be a non-metal. The metal atom should have very low ionization energy so that it can lose electrons easily to form cations (positively charged ions) i.e. metal atoms must be highly electropositive.
2)Alkali metals tend to lose one electron and form ions with a single positive charge. They form ionic compounds (salts) in reaction with the halogens (alkali halides). Sodium and potassium ions form important constituents of body fluids (electrolytes).
3)Answer:
The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its chemical composition. Chemical formulae provide insight into the elements that constitute the molecules of a compound and also the ratio in which the atoms of these elements combine to form such molecules.
(a) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. Magnesium chloride is used to treat or prevent magnesium deficiency (lack of natural magnesium in the body).
(b) Calcium oxide (CaO)
Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
(c) Copper nitrate Cu (NO3)2
Cupric Nitrate is a bluish-green, odourless crystalline (sand-like) material.
(d) Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)
Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine. It is used to treat excessive sweating, also called hyperhidrosis.
(e) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach.
4) An ion or a charged particle which has a positive charge is called cation. An ion or a charged particle which has a negative charge is called anion.
5)Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points, and are hard and brittle. As solids they are almost always electrically insulating, but when melted or dissolved they become highly conductive, because the ions are mobilized.
6)A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. An example of a nonpolar covalent bond is the bond between two hydrogen atoms because they equally share the electrons.
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Answer:
1. 1. Lower Ionisation energy of metals. 2. Higher Electron affinity of non – metal 3. Higher magnitude of lattice energy of bond 4. Higher electromagnativity difference between metal and non-metals. 5. Larger radius of cation of smaller radius of anion.
2.Alkali metals having valency 1, tend to lose one electron and form ions with a single positive charge. They form ionic compounds (salts) in reaction with the halogens. Sodium and potassium are highly reactive and most abundant in the compounds with halogens.
3. The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its chemical composition. Chemical formulae provide insight into the elements that constitute the molecules of a compound and also the ratio in which the atoms of these elements combine to form such molecules.
(a) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. Magnesium chloride is used to treat or prevent magnesium deficiency (lack of natural magnesium in the body).
(b) Calcium oxide (CaO)
Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound.
(c) Copper nitrate Cu (NO3)2
Cupric Nitrate is a bluish-green, odourless crystalline (sand-like) material.
(d) Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)
Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine. It is used to treat excessive sweating, also called hyperhidrosis.
(e) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Calcium carbonate also is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach.
4. An ion or a charged particle which has a positive charge is called cation. An ion or a charged particle which has a negative charge is called anion.
5. Ionic Compound Properties
Ionic compounds form when atoms connect to one another by ionic bonds.
An ionic bond is the strongest type of chemical bond, which leads to characteristic properties.
One atom in the bond has a partial positive charge, while the other atom has a partial negative charge. This electronegativity difference makes the bond polar, so some compounds are polar.
But, polar compounds often dissolve in water. This makes ionic compounds good electrolytes.
Due to the strength of the ionic bond, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and high enthalpies of fusion and vaporization.
6.A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. ... An example of a nonpolar covalent bond is the bond between two hydrogen atoms because they equally share the electrons.