1. What are the different parts of a flower?
2. What is pollination? Discuss self and cross-pollination.
3. Write the difference between unisexual and bisexual flowers.
4. What are the agents of pollination? How is insect pollination different from wind
pollination?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1. A typical flower has four main parts or whorls known as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
2. Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species.
3. Unisexual flower refers to the flower which has either stamen or carpels.
Example: Papaya flowers.
Bisexual flower refers to the flower which has both stamen and carpels.
Example: Hibiscus.
4. Pollinating agents are animals such as insects, birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves, when self-pollination occurs within a closed flower. Insect pollinated plants need to be able to attract insects. The insects come to the plant for their sweet nectar, and in the process, they carry the pollen to other plants, and this lets the plants reproduce. These plants have bright-coloured flowers or sweet smelling fruit and nectar to attract insects. They need the insect to actually have physical contact with the flower so that their pollen can stick to them. Some plants have nectar deep inside so the insect will have to make contact with some parts of the flower, getting pollen on it. The pollen is sticky so it will catch on to the insect. Wind pollinated plants need to be exposed to the wind. Their anthers are large and hang outwards. There is no unusual scent or colour as they have no need to attract insects. Their pollen grains are light and small. Some pollen grains may be adapted to being carried by the wind. They may have wings so the air is better able to carry them.
These plants also need to catch pollen for their eggs to become fertilized. Their stigma is "feathery" so they can catch pollen that is carried on the wind.