1. What are the different sources available for studying modern Indian history?
2. When and where The National Archives of India was established?
3. Name the important buildings constructed during the British period.
4. Which town is called as the summer capital of British Raj?
5. Write a note on administrative records of the British administration.
please give me the correct answer
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CARDIOVASCULAR
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
HEMODYNAMICS
PRESSURE AND CIRCULATION
Maintenance of Mean Arterial Pressure
Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors
Circulation through Organs
Normal Pressures
Autoregulation
Capillary Fluid Exchange
CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
ASCULTATION
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
CONGENITAL
HEART FAILURE
BLOOD PRESSURE DISEASE
AORTIC DISORDERS
PERICARDIAL DISEASE
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
ISCHEMIC
VALVULAR DISEASE
EKG
TUMORS
VASCULITIDES
PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY
Updated: 10/30/2020
11
Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors
Lucy Liu
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Snapshot
A 20-year-old woman presents to the emergency room for palpitations. She has previously had 1 or 2 episodes of this in the past few months. She reports that coughing or performing the Valsalva maneuver resolves the palpitations. However, this time the maneuver had no effect. Her pulse is 184/min, blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg, and respirations are 20/min with O
2 saturation of 99% on room air. The physician presses on her neck and her pulse returns to 80/min. (Carotid massage)
Introduction
Mean arterial pressure is in part maintained by baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
both function as part of an afferent system
These peripheral receptors are located at the
aortic arch
transmits via vagus nerve (cranial nerve [CN] X) to the solitary nucleus of the medulla
carotid sinus
where common carotids bifurcate
transmits via carotid sinus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) to the solitary nucleus of the medulla
Baroreceptors
Baroreceptors and mechanoreceptors
they respond to ↑ or ↓ in pressure or stretch
the strongest stimulus is a rapid change in arterial pressure
a change in pressure or stretch causes a change in membrane potential
this triggers action potentials in the afferent nerves that travel to the brain stem
sensitivity of baroreceptors can be changed by chronic diseases
Carotid sinus
responds to ↑ or ↓ in arterial pressure
Aortic arch
responds to primarily ↑ in arterial pressure
Baroreceptor reflex
a neutrally-mediated reflex that attempts to keep the arterial pressure constant via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
response to increased arterial pressure
↑ blood pressure is sensed by baroreceptors
↑ pressure = ↑ stretch
↑ firing rate of carotid sinus nerve (which connects to the glossopharyngeal nerve) and afferent vagus nerve
solitary nucleus of the medulla receives this information
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