Question

1) What are the two types of igneous rocks? Describe them without giving examples.

2) Are gemstones minerals? name any four important gemstones.

3) Explain rock cycle in three simple steps

Answer 1

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ ANSWER ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

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1) The two types of igneous rocks are :-

(A) INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS : These rocks occur due to the cooling, solidification and crystallization of magma inside the Earth's crust. They crystallise later inside the Earth's surface forming more finer particles.

(B) EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS : These rocks occur due to the cooling, solidification and crystallization of magma (lava) outside the Earth's crust. They crystallise quickly than intrusive igneous rocks over the Earth's surface.

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2) Yes, gemstones are considered as minerals, i.e., they are also a type of minerals. The four important gemstones are DIAMOND, EMERALD, RUBY & TOPAZ.

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3) ROCK CYCLE :-

[STEP 1] : The igneous rocks are formed due to the hot lava which cools down and hardens to form igneous rocks.

[STEP 2] : The igneous rocks further converts to sedimentary rocks by breaking down into particles and sediments which gets deposited in some other places in the form of layers due to the action of winds generally.

[STEP 3] : These sedimentary rocks again change into either igneous rocks or metamorphoc rocks due to the Earth's pressure and heat, and the mineral composition of rocks also changes.

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Answer 2

Hello

Ans. 1) The 2 main type of igneous rocks are

• Plutonic Rock-These are the igneous rocks formed by slowly cooling crystaline magma under the earth's surface.

• Volcanic rocks-These are the igneous rocks formed from the magma erupted from a volcano i.e the cool above the surface of earth.

Ans 2)  All gemstones are not minerals because some gemstones are really valuable i.e more costlier they have high economical values. The 4 important gemstones are -Alexandrite , Aquamarine, Diamond, Emerald .

Ans 3)  The rock cycle occurs in these 3 steps -

• STEP 1 : Igneous Transition State - The hot magma cools down                      when pressed futher under the rock surface and forms the above 2 forms of rocks.
• STEP 2: Metamorphic Transition State -This leads to physical and chemical changes in rocks by the action of extreme high temperature and pressure or both. This is of two types. One leads to rocks with layers these are wide rocks spread over a large distance and occur due to atmospherics change. While the other leads to crystallization of rocks when rock masses comes in contact with igneous heat.
• STEP 3: Sedimentary Transition State - The rocks disintegrates due to severe action of changing seasons  i.e weathering and erosion which then mix with other particles and form sedimentary rocks.

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