1. What do mean by the term ‘Dual government’?
2. Mention any four effects of dual government?
3. Who was appointed as the governor of Bengal in 1772?
4. When the regulating act was was passed?
5. Who abolished Dual government?
6. Where was the treasury shifted from Murshidabad?
7. When was the dual government in India started?
8. What was the responsibility of Deputy Diwan?
9. When was the famine occurred in Bengal? What were the results?
10. List the conditions of Nawab of Bengal during the dual government.
Answers
Answer:
The Dual system of Government was abolished by _________ in 1772 and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British.
Warren Hastings abolished the dual system of government which was started by Robert Clive.
About Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings was the first Governor of the Presidency of the Fort William in Bengal in the year 1772
He was the first Governor-General of Bengal in 1774 till he resigned in the year 1785
He was a writer or can be called as a clerk in the early stages of his career in the East India Company at Calcutta in 1750
He became the British resident at Murshidabad, the capital of Bengal in the year 1758, after Mir Jafar was given as the Nawab after the Battle of Plassey.
During his tenure, the first Anglo-Maratha and the second Anglo-Mysore and wars were fought
In the year 1773, the Regulating Act of 1773 was passed during his period
He gave support to Sir William Jones in the formation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1785
Abolition of Dual system of Government in Bengal
Warren Hastings abolished the Dual System which was established by Robert Clive.
In this Dual System of Government in Bengal, the company had Diwani rights that is the rights to collect revenue and the Nizam or Indian chiefs had the power on administrative authority
The Nawab’s annual allowance which was around Rs.32 lakh was reduced to half that Rs.16 lakh
The annual tribute which was paid to the Mughal Emperor came to an end
We read about the abolition of the Dual system of Government. Do you know how this system of government was initiated? Let us read about it now.
What was the Dual system of Government and who introduced it?
Dual government was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal in 1765 and it was continued till 1772.
Robert Clive’s Rule of Bengal: Dual System
Robert Clive was the Governor of Bengal during the year 1757-60 and also from 1765-67
During his first tenure that is from 1757-1760 Bengal’s governor, under the Nawab Mir Jaffar, corruption was rampant
The company’s one and only aim was to maximise the revenue at the expense of the peasants
He gathered a great personal fortune in India and returned to Britain in the year 1760
He came back to India in the year 1765 as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bengal state
During this time, there was huge and widespread corruption in the company
So Clive prohibited the company’s employees from engaging in any sort of private trade
He also put a hold on accepting gifts from them
He also initiated a ‘Society of Trade’ in 1765 but it was later abolished
Mir Qasim the son in law of Mir Jaffar had ascended the throne of Bengal
He wanted to snatch himself from the English influence
The Battle of Buxar was fought between the British and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja Ud Daulah who was the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This battle was won by Britishers
The result of this battle was, the Diwani that is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha was sanctioned to the British by the Mughal Emperor in return for an annual sum of money and in districts of Allahabad and Kora
Robert Clive, who had the power to undertake Awadh as well, refrained from annexing it. His intention was to use it as a ‘buffer’ state between the British and the Marathas
The Nizamat considered as the territorial jurisdiction of Bengal and remained with the Nawab but in ground reality, the English had a good hold over this power
This was referred to as Clive’s Dual System in which the company was the Diwan and the Nawab held the Nizamat
Answer:
1. Dual Government means double system of administration. The system of Dual Government was introduced in Bengal by Robert Clive of British East India Company. Under this system, though the administration theoretically divided between the Company and the Nawab, the whole power was actually in the hands of the Company.
2. This dual nature of power caused many problems for the Nawab as he had to supervise the administration, the criminal justice system and the maintenance of law and order without any real power. Revenue was collected by greedy and corrupt Indian officials who reduced the peasants to conditions of utter misery.
3. Robert Clive (1765-1767) was the first governor of Bengal, and established dual government in Bengal from 1765 to 1772.
4. Regulating Act of 1773
Parliament of Great Britain
Long title An Act for establishing certain Regulations for the better Management of the Affairs of the East India Company, as well in India as in Europe
Citation 13 Geo. 3 c. 63
Introduced by Frederick North, Lord North on 18 May 1773
5. Warren Hastings abolished the dual system of government which was started by Robert Clive.
Hope it helps