1. What do you mean by acid rain?
2. Write down the all three zones of candle flame. Which zone is the hottest
zone?
3. What do you mean by combustion?
4. Classify the fuels on the basis of their physical state.
5. Write down any three main characteristics of ideal fuel.
6. What do you mean by ignition temperature?
7. Write down the all necessary conditions for combustion.
8. What do you mean by Red Data Book?
9. Define Endemic species. Give one example also
10. What is ecosystem?
Answers
1. Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
2.Candles produce light by releasing heat. A candle flame consists of three zones. Each zone has different temperatures and colors.
The first zone is called the Outer zone
The second zone is called the Middle zone
The third zone is called the Inner zone
The outer zone is blue in color, due to complete combustion,. This zone is the hottest zone.
The middle one is in yellow color, which is the bright part of the flame. It is moderately hot and partial combustion of fuel takes place.
The least hot region of the flame is innermost zone. This inner zone is black in color due to the presence of unburnt wax vapors.
3. Combustion is the scientific word for burning. In a combustion reaction a substance reacts with oxygen from the air and transfers energy to the surroundings as light and heat
4.On the basis of physical state of fuel they are classified into solid, liquid, gaseous state.
Example: Solid:- ⟶ Wood, cowdung cakes and agricultural waste.
Liquid:- Kerosene, diesel and petrol.
Gaseous:- Biogas, CNG and LPG.
5.The Characteristics of an ideal fuel are discussed as follows: The fuel should have high calorific value. The fuel should have proper ignition temperature. The rate of combustion should be balanced and moderate. The content of non-volatile substances should be as low as possible.
6. The ignition temperature of a substance is the least temperature at which the substance starts combustion. Substances which spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere at naturally ambient temperatures are termed pyrophoric.
7. Three things are required in proper combination before ignition and combustion can take place---Heat, Oxygen and Fuel. There must be Fuel to burn. There must be Air to supply oxygen. There must be Heat (ignition temperature) to start and continue the combustion process.
8. The Red Data Book is the state document established for documenting rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi as well as some local sub-species that exist within the territory of the state or country.
9.Endemic Species: Those species of plants arid animals which are found exclusively in a particular area are called endemic species to a zone, a state or a country. For example, sal and wild mango endemic flora of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.
10. An ecosystem is a natural environment and includes the flora (plants) and fauna (animals) that live and interact within that environment. Flora, fauna and bacteria are the biotic or living components of the ecosystem.
hope this helps you ..... this was hard work...
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