1. What is federalism? and how is it practiced in India?
2. What are the important provinsions of 1992 act?
3. How can you say that India is a secular country?
4. What are the important features of federalism?
Answers
Answer:
1 Federalism is a mixed or compound mode of government that combines a general government with regional governments in a single political system.
Federalism in India is practised by the creation of linguistic states ,language policy and centre state relations. Linguistic states:- in 1947 ,the boundaries of several old states were changed in order to create new states .
2. The Constitution was amended in 1992 to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
(i) Now it is mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
(ii) Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for SC, ST and OBC’s.
(iii) At least 1/3rd of all positions and seats are reserved for women.
(iv) An independent institution called state Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
(v) The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from state to state.
3.Secularism in India, thus, does not mean the separation of religion from state. Instead, secularism in India means a state that supports or participates in a neutral manner in the affairs of all religious groups.
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Explain the major key features of federalism.
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asked Dec 6, 2017 in Class X Social Science by priya12 (-12,629 points)
Explain the major key features of federalism.
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answered Dec 6, 2017 by akansha Expert (2.2k points)
(i) Two or more levels of government : Federalism is a system of government in which the governmental power is divided between a central authority and its various constituent units. Usually, a federation has two levels of government. One is the government for the entire country, and the other governments at the state or provincial level. ,
(ii) Same Citizens Separate jurisdiction : Different tiers of the government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
(iii) Superiority of Constitution : The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of the government are specified in the Constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of the government are constitutionally safeguarded.
(iv) Rigid Constitution : The fundamental provisions of the Constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government. Such changes require the consent of the both the levels of the government.
(v) Supreme authority of the courts : Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The highest court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers, (of) Dual objectives : The federal system,
thus has dual objectives : to safeguard and promote the unity of the country, while at the same time, to accommodate the regional diversity.
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answered Dec 6, 2017 by aditya23 (-2,145 points)
KEY FEATURES OF FEDERALISM:
1)There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
2) Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdictionin specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3)The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.
4)The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government.Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
5) Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government.
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