1. What is pathogen? How does it gain entry into the body of living organisms?
2. Why are bacteria and fungi said to be decomposers?
3. Give two ways in which bacteria are useful to us and two ways in
which they are harmful?
4. Discuss five methods of food preservation?
5. Explain how microbes are useful to us?
6. Why are viruses considered to be the borderline between living and the non-living?
7. How do viruses cause diseases?
8. What is nitrogen cycle?
9. Which microorganism is used to make bread soft and fluffy? Discuss how this happens?
10. How does mosquito help in spreading microorganism?
Answers
Answer:
1. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases in humans, animals and plants. The antigens released by the pathogens are detected by the antibodies generated in the body of the host.
Pathogens can be spread or gain entry in body in many ways, such as by coming in contact with body.dily fluids, ingesting undercooked food or swimming in contaminated water , through personal contact. Virus that causes the common cold, are spread through saliva, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is spread through intercourse or using contaminated needles.
2. They are called decomposers because they release enzymes to break down organic compounds, in order to absorb the nutrients.
3.Digestion is helped in by bacteria E. coli, Nitrogen is converted in by Rhizobium and antibiotics can be made by Streptomyces. Bacteria can cause harmful diseases like pneumonia or meningitis. They can also cause food poisoning by contaminating the food by their presence.
There are two ways bacteria can harm the human body: toxicity – the bacteria produce toxins which damage specific tissues in the body. invasiveness – the bacteria multiply rapidly at the site of infection and overwhelm the body's defence mechanisms. The bacteria may then spread to other parts of the body.
Ans 4.Canning. ...
- Freezing. ...
- Drying. ...
- Fermenting. Mean encouraging the growth of “good bugs” to inhibit the “bad bugs” that can spoil food. ...
- Pickling. ...
- Dry salting.
5.Microorganisms and its Uses. The term 'microorganisms' include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. ... But, it is a fact that microorganisms are useful to us in many ways. Microorganisms help in the production of many food items, making medicines, keeping the environment clean, in manufacturing and in research.
6.Virus is considered to be on the borderline between living and non living because they do not grow out side the living cell but ones they enter the body of living beings they grow and reproduct very fast.
7.Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells and use those cells to multiply and produce other viruses like themselves. This can kill, damage, or change the cells and make you sick. Different viruses attack certain cells in your body such as your liver, respiratory system, or blood.
8.Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere. It involves several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, decay and putrefaction.
9.Leavened bread is softer due to the action of yeast, which is a fungus. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contributes both to the texture and flavour of bread. A dough is made by mixing yeast with flour, salt and water. The yeast ferments sugars in the mixture to make alcohol and bubbles of carbon dioxide.
10.When a mosquito infects you with a viral disease such as Zika or dengue, it does more than just deliver a few virus particles under your skin. The saliva it injects also causes an inflammation that helps the virus multiply and quickly spread to other parts of your body, according to a new study.
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