1， What is the function of MCU? How did the sample code implement it? 2， What is the function of memory? How did the sample code implement it? 3， What is the function of instruction memory? How did the sample code implement it?
Answers
Explanation:
Our purpose here is to present basic concepts for up-and-coming systems engineers. Now that we have completed our introductory look at electronic circuits and digital circuitry, we are finally ready to begin looking at the microcontroller unit (MCU) that sits at the core of each system. We start with an introduction to the MCU’s basic structure and operation. In the next session we will look at the MCU’s peripheral circuitry. And finally we will try using an MCU in an actual system.
MCU: The Brain That Controls the Hardware
Most modern electronic devices include one or more MCUs. Indeed, MCUs are ubiquitous: they’re essential to the operation of cell phones; they’re in refrigerators and washers and most other household appliances; they control flashing lights in children’s toys; and much more. So what is it, exactly, that the MCU is doing in all of these devices? The answer is simple: It’s controlling the hardware that implements the device’s operation. The MCU receives inputs from buttons, switches, sensors, and similar components; and controls the peripheral circuitry—such as motors and displays—in accordance with a preset program that tells it what to do and how to respond.
Figure 1 shows the structure of a typical MCU. The MCU incorporates a CPU (central processing unit), some memory, and some circuitry that implements peripheral functionalities. If we wish to anthropomorphize, we can say that the CPU does the "thinking," the memory stores the relevant information, and the peripheral functions implement the nervous system―the inputs (seeing, hearing, feeling) and the responses (hand and foot movements, etc.).