1.What is the reason behind variation in vertical extent of the troposphere in
the polar region and equatorial region?
Answers
Answer:
The boundary between stratosphere and troposphere is called tropopause.
Explanation:
The difference in the height of the troposphere at equator and poles is because of the constant convection that takes place on the equator.
These forces push the tropospheric levels to 18km at the equator, while the constant sinking of the air reduces it to 8kms only at poles.
The temperature also falls to –80°C at the equator, making the troposphere depth thicker at the equator.
ANSWER:
Increases in temperature of the troposphere are related to rise in tropopause height. Factors in play comprise the amount of water vapour that evaporates from equatorial seas; inter-annual variations in tropopause height can stem from both wide-ranging and local driving forces. The tropopause reacts to the average temperature of the whole underlying layer: as such it is lower at the poles and higher at the equator.
EXPLANATION:
Tropopause is the periphery between stratosphere and troposphere; inside the troposphere temperature falls with rise in altitude (the temperature is controlled by radiative heat from the surface of the Earth), while in the stratosphere temperature rises with altitude (the temperature is controlled by solar radiation).
Rises in troposphere temperature are related to rise in tropopause elevation. Factors that play comprise the amount of water vapour being evaporated from equatorial seas; inter-annual variations in tropopause height can ensue from both local and large-scale driving forces. Deep convection or thunderstorms in the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, or over mid-latitude continents in summer, continually thrust the tropopause upwards and deepen the troposphere.
Alternatively, colder regions have a lesser tropopause, apparently since convective overturning is restricted there, owing to the negative radiation balance on the surface.
In fact, convection is rare in "polar-regions"; mostly the tropospheric mixing at high and middle latitudes is forced by the frontal systems wherein uplift is forced instead of spontaneous (convective). This explains the reason behind variation in vertical extent of the troposphere in the polar region and equatorial region.