1) what is Zener diode?
2) how works the Zener diode?
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Answers
1) what is Zener diode?
➜ A Zener diode is a silicon semiconductor device that permits current to flow in either a forward or reverse direction.
2) How works the Zener diode?
➜ The Zener diode is made up of heavily doped semiconductor material. The heavily doped means the high-level impurities is added to the material for making it more conductive. The depletion region of the Zener diode is very thin because of the impurities. The heavily doping material increases the intensity of the electric field across the depletion region of the Zener diode even for the small reverse voltage.
When no biasing is applied across the Zener diode, the electrons remains in the valence band of the p-type material and no current flow through the diode. The band in which the valence electrons (outermost orbit electron) place is known as the valence band electron. The electrons of the valence band easily move from one band to another when the external energy is applied across it.
When the reverse bias applies across the diode and the supply voltage is equal to the Zener voltage then it starts conducting in the reverse bias direction. The Zener voltage is the voltage at which the depletion region completely vanish.
The reverse bias applies across the diode increases the intensity of electric field across the depletion region. Thus, it allows the electrons to move from the valence band of P-type material to the conduction band of N-type material. This transferring of valence band electrons to the conduction band reduces the barrier between the p and n-type material. When the depletion region become completely vanish the diode starts conducting in the reverse biased.
