1. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905? 2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917? 3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917? 4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history. 5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution? 6. Write a few lines to show what you know about: kulaks,the duma
Answers
1)The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers.
2)The working population in Russia was different from other countries in Europe before 1917, because Not all Russian workers migrated from the villages to work in the industrial sector. Some of them continued to live in villages and went to work daily, to the towns.
3)The Tsar’s autocracy collapsed on 1917 due to the interplay of many factors- social, economic and political. The Russian state under Tsar Nicholas II was completely unsuited to the needs of modern times. The Tsar still believed in the autocratic absolute rights of the king.
4)February Revolution:
22nd February: Factory lockout on the right bank took place.
25th February: Duma was dissolved.
27th February: Police Headquarters ransacked. Regiments support the workers. Formation of Soviet.
2nd March: The Tsar abdicated his power. The Soviet and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government for Russia.
The February Revolution had no political party at its forefront. It was led by the people themselves. Petrograd had brought down the monarchy, and thus, gained a significant place in Soviet history. Trade Unions grew in number. With no monarchy to rule the Russian future would now be decided by the constituent assembly which was going to be elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage.
October Revolution:
16th October: A Military Revolutionary Committee was appointed by Soviet.
24th October: The uprising against the provisional government begins. Military Revolutionary Committee controls the city by night and ministers surrender. The Bolshevik gained power.
The October Revolution was primarily led by Lenin and his subordinate, Trotskii and involved the masses who supported these leaders. It marked the beginning of Lenin's rule over the Soviet, with the Bolsheviks under his guidance. The Bolshevik party after the revolution came to be known as the Russian Communist Party.
5)The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution were: (i) To realise the old socialist ideal, private property as a means of production was abolished. Industry and banks were nationalised. (ii) Lands of clergy and nobility were conficated and land was declared state property.
6) Kulaks: It is the Russian term for wealthy peasants who Stalin believed were hoarding grains to gain more profit. They were raided in 1928 and their supplies were confiscated. According to Marxism-Leninism, kulaks were a 'class enemy' of the poorer peasants.
Answer:
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