1) Who constituted the third estate?
2) For what purpose did Louis 16th call together and assembly of the Estate General?
3) What did Bastille symbolise ?
4) Mention two characteristics of the middle class who emerged in the 18th century.
5) What was Estate General?
6) who wrote Two Treatises of Government?
7) Who wrote The spirit of the Laws? What did he propose in this book?
8)Describe the role of the French philosophers in the French Revolution.
Answers
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1.
In the pamphlet, Sieyès argues that the third estate – the common people of France – constituted a complete nation within itself and had no need of the "dead weight" of the two other orders, the first and second estates of the clergy and aristocracy
2.
He called an assembly because he wanted to increase the taxes and taxes could only be increased if majority of 3 estates are agreed to increase the taxes. In this meeting all 3 estates sit together and vote. Each estate has one vote.
3.
The meidieval fortress, armory and political prison in paris known as Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of paris. The prison contained just 7 inmatesat the time of its storming but was a symbol of abuses by the monarchy; its fall was the flashpoint of the revolution.
4.
he two characteristics of middle class who emerged in the eighteenth century are : 1. Education : This class was mostly educated and rationale. So this class comprised lawyers, teachers, philosophers, professionals and traders and industrialists.
5.
In France under the Old Regime, the Estates General or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjķects. It had a separate assembly for each of the three estates, which were called and dismissed by the king.
7.
Montesquieu
MontesquieuWhat did the author propose in this book? Montesquieu wrote The Spirit of the Laws. In his book, he proposed a division of power within the government between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
6.
1690
1690power basis in political philosophy
1690power basis in political philosophyHis Two Treatises of Government (1690) were written to justify the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89, and his Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) was written with a plain and easy urbanity, in contrast to the baroque eloquence of Hobbes.
8.
➡The philosophers played an important role in the French revolution. They inspired the common mass of France with their revolutionary ideas and prepared them to fight against injustices. ➡They did not believe in the doctrine of the divine and the absolute right of the monarch.
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