1) Who discovered vaccine for small pox in which year???
2) Who discovered fermentation in which year ???
3) Who discovered penicillin in which year???
4) Who discovered the bacterium which causes anthrax disease ???
5) What is vaccine???
6) What are the major groups of micro - organisms ????
7) Give some examples of antibiotics ???
Answers
Answer:
1.The basis for vaccination began in 1796 when an English doctor named Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who had gotten cowpox did not show any symptoms of smallpox after variolation. The first experiment to test this theory involved milkmaid Sarah Nelmes and James Phipps, the 9 year-old son of Jenner's gardener.
2.Our modern understanding of the fermentation process comes from the work of the French chemist Louis Pasteur (Figure 2). Pasteur was the first to demonstrate experimentally that fermented beverages result from the action of living yeast transforming glucose into ethanol.
3.Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish researcher, is credited with the discovery of penicillin in 1928. At the time, Fleming was experimenting with the influenza virus in the Laboratory of the Inoculation Department at St. Mary's Hospital in London.
4.Scientist Robert Koch studied Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. He discovered that the bacteria formed spores and were able to survive for very long periods of time and in many different environments.
5.a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.
6.Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
7.Penicillins - for example, phenoxymethylpenicillin, flucloxacillin and amoxicillin.Cephalosporins - for example, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cefalexin.Tetracyclines - for example, tetracycline, doxycycline and lymecycline.Aminoglycosides - for example, gentamicin and tobramycin.
Answer:
1) English doctor named Edward Jenner, 1796
2) French chemist Louis Pasteur, 1857
3) Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish researcher, 1928
4) Maret in 1752 and Fournier in 1769.
5) A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.
6) Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. Microorganims are widespread in nature and are beneficial to life, but some can cause serious harm. They can be divided into six major types: bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.
7) amoxicillin.
doxycycline.
cephalexin.
ciprofloxacin.
clindamycin.
metronidazole.
azithromycin.
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.