1. Why carbon is tetravalent?
2. Carbon forms covalent compounds. Justify this statement
3. Write any three physical properties of covalent compounds.
4. State the reason why covalent compounds are generally
poor conductors of electricity.
5. Draw electron dot structure of -
a) water molecule (H2O) b) carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) methane (CH4)
Answers
Answer:
1)The outer most shell of carbon atom contains four valence electrons so the valency of carbon is four. It is tetravalent. It is difficult to hold four extra electrons and would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons, so, it forms bonds by sharing electrons.
2) The electronic configuration of carbon is K L / 2 4. Thus, an atom of carbon contains 4 electrons in its outermost shell, i.e., carbon has been 4 valence electrons. To gain stability, it should lose its valence electrons, gain four more electrons or share its 4 valence electrons with other atoms. Carbon atom has been no tendency to lose its four valence electrons or gain four more electrons from other atoms. Therefore, carbon atom completes its octet only by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms. As a result, therefore carbon always forms only covalent bonds with other atoms.
3)*Most covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points
*Covalent compounds usually have lower enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than ionic compounds.
*Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.
*When dissolved in water, they don't conduct electricity.
4)Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they neither contain ions nor free electrons to conduct electricity.
5) See your all Diagrams on the top of all answers.
Explanation:
Hope it's helpful for you !
Explanation:
1. Carbon is normally tetravalent, meaning it makes four bonds to other atoms. In the picture below, different types of carbon molecules are shown. The lines represent two electron bonds, the dots represent electrons, and the balloons represent orbitals. Carbon has four valence electrons, that is, four electrons in the outermost shell.
2. Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or loss 4 electrons to attain nobel gas configuration. Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy considerations, hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds
3. a) covalent compounds have relatively low melting points and boiling points
b) Covalent compounds usually have lower enthalpies of fusion and vaporization than ionic compounds.
c) Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds
d) When dissolved in water, they don't conduct electricity.
4. Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity because they do not produce ions in solution or on melting.
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