1. Why did Jahangir have Guru Arjun executed?
2. How did the Mughal economy suffer due to the loss of Qandahar?
3. Write a brief note on Jahangir's relations with European traders.
4. What kind of relations did the Mughals have with the Marathas during Shah Jahan's reign?
5. Which Mughal ruler shifted his capital and where?
6. What caused revolts during Aurangzeb's reign? Give a few examples of such revolts.
7. How did Aurangzeb contribute to the weakening of the Mughal Empire?
8. Name three independent states established by nobles under the later Mughals.
Answers
Answer:
Mughal Emperors
Babur
Babur ascended the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old. But he soon fled because of the invasion of the Uzbegs.
He captured Kabul in 1504 and took over Delhi in 1526 by defeating Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat.
Humayun
Humayun became king after Babur, but internal problems and his defeat to Sher Khan at Chausa and Kanauj forced him to flee to Iran where he received the help of the Safavid Shah and recaptured Delhi in 1555.
But he died soon after, in an accident at his palace.
Akbar
He was 13 years old when he became the king. And as he attained full power he relieved his regent Bairam Khan of his duties and then began conquests against the Suris, the Afghans, the kingdoms of Malwa and Gondwana, and the Sisodiyas. He also crushed the revolt of his brother Mirza Hakim and the Uzbegs.
He then launched military campaigns in Gujarat, eastern Bihar, West Bengal, and Orissa, and suppressed another revolt by Mirza Hakim.
Next, he launched campaigns in the north-west where he seized Kandahar from the Safavid Shah, and Kashmir and Kabul after the death of Mirza Hakim.
He also launched expeditions in the Deccan, and annexed parts of Berar, Khandesh, and Ahmednagar.
In his final years as emperor he faced a rebellion from his son and future emperor, Prince Salim.
Jahangir
He continued the campaigns started by his father, and also won total control over the Sisodiyas.
But he was also under a lot of pressure due the rebellions by his son, Prince Khurram, and by Nur Jahan's attempts to marginalise him.
Shah Jahan
After Shah Jahan took the throne, the Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi was defeated, campaigns against Ahmednagar began, the Bundelas were defeated, and Orchha was seized.
But in the north-west, Shah Jahan faced losses as the Balkh region was lost to the Uzbegs and the Kandahar region was lost to the Safavids.
Finally, in the Deccan, he annexed Ahmednagar and became an ally of the kingdom of Bijapur.
But in his final years as emperor a battle began between his sons for the throne.
Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb temporarily defeated the Ahoms, the Sikhs, and the Rajputs, and also the Maratha chieftain Shivaji. But when Aurangzeb insulted him, Shivaji declared himself an independent king at war with the Mughal Empire.
Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb under the guidance of the Deccan sultanate, but he lost and fled to Safavid Iran.
Aurangzeb then launched campaigns against the Deccan sultanate and annexed Bijapur and Golconda.
He faced another rebellion by the Sikhs, the Ahoms, the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Jats, and died soon after.
Answer:
Answer 1
In the first year of jhangir reign his son prince khusrau revolted against him but he was defeated at Lahore guru Arjun executed fir rabel prince khusrau.
Answer 2
The loss of quandhar was a serious blow to the Mughal, since it had enable them to control the trade routes India and Persia,as well as control Asia and Afganistan.
Explanation:
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