1. Why is Bi(v) a stronger oxidant than Sb(v)?
2. What is the oxidation number of phosphorus in H3PO2 molecule?
3. Fluorine does not exhibit any positive oxidation state. Why?
4. Which is a stronger reducing agent, SbH3 or BiH3, and why?
5. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?
6. Explain the following observations:
(i) Transition elements generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Zinc is not regarded as a transition element.
7. Assign reasons for each of the following:
(i) Transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(ii) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3d series of
transition elements.
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Answers
Answer:
1.Bi (V) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Sb (V) means that it will pick electrons from a reducing agent (electron donor) much faster than Sb (V) to go from a unstable +5 to a more stable +3 oxidation state.
2.Oxidation number of phosphorous in H3PO2 is +1.
3. Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table. For showing positive oxidation state, it should be bonded to the more electronegative element than fluorine. ... Hence, fluorine always shows a negative oxidation state and can not show positive oxidation state.
4.BiH3 is stronger reducing agent than SbH3.It can be explained on the basis of the atomic size. ... For this reason Bi-H bond is much more weaker than Sb-H3.
5.These elements show variable oxidation state because their valence electrons in two different sets of orbitals, that is (n-1)d and ns. The energy difference between these orbitals is very less, so both the energy levels can be used for bond formation. Thus, transition elements have variable oxidation states
6 i) Transition metals form colored compounds due to the presence of vacant d-orbitals from the d-d transition of electrons which causes the color.
ii) A transition metal is one that forms one or more stable ions which have incompletely filled d orbitals. On the basis of this definition, scandium and zinc do not count as transition metals - even though they are members of the d block.
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