Question

1 = why is carbon nitrogen bond length in a aromatic amliness shorter than in aliphatic amies

2 = what is ammonolysis

3 = Ethylamins is soluble in water ehereas aniline is not soluble . Why ?


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Answer 1

Answer:

1. Due to electron-donating resonance effect of the NH2 group, the carbon-nitrogen bond in aromatic amines has some double bond character. In contrast, in aliphatic amines, the carbon-nitrogen bond has only single bond character. Therefore, carbon-nitrogen bond length in aromatic amines is shorter than in aliphatic amines.

2. The reaction of alkyl halides with amonia to form a mixture of 1°, 2°, 3° amines and quaternary salt is called ammonolysis.

3. Ethylamine is soluble in water because they can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, but due to bulky phenyl group aniline does not form H-bond and thus is insoluble in water.

Answer 2

$\huge\bold{Answer}$

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»» C–N bonds in aromatic amines have a partial double bond character due to resonance(Lone pair of N also included resonance with aromatic ring). As we know bond length decreases with increase in bond order.

»» It is the type of reaction that involves $\bold{ammonia}$ as main character, in which a bond is broken and an $NH_2$ group is appended to one fragment.

»» $\bold{Ethylamine}$when added to water forms intermolecular H− bonds with water. And therefore it is soluble in water. But aniline does not form H−bond with water to a very large extent due to the presence of a large hydrophobic −$C_6H_5$group. Hence, aniline is insoluble in water.

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