1. Why was the Revolt of 1857 hailed as the First War of National Independence?
2. Give a brief outline of any one of the major causes of the war of 1857. Where did the Revolt
begin?
3. Name the soldier who refused to use the cartridges in the Enfield rifle. How was he punished?
4. What was the Doctrine of Lapse? Who used this doctrine for the first time in India?
5. Name three states annexed by the British using the Doctrine of Lapse.
6. Who was Nana Sahib? Why was he not acknowledged as the rightful heir to the throne?
7. Under what pretext did the British annex Oudh? What were the consequences of the annexation
of Oudh?
8. Which announcement of Lord Dalhousie in 1849 humiliated the Mughals?
9. Which announcement of Lord Canning in 1856 adversely affected the Mughal dynasty in India?
10. Why did Rani Lakshmibai become a bitter enemy of the British?
11. State one of the consequences of disbanding the armies of the native states annexed by the British.
12. What was the common belief among the people of India in 1857, which made them wait for the
end of the British rule?
Answers
Answer:
1) The war of 1857 was hailed as the first war of independence because the revolt of 1857 was a result of discontent which was prevailing inside every Indian for colonialism. The East India Company ruled India for about 200 years but it was for the first time that when someone revolted against the British in 1857.
2) he rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi).
3) When in March 1857, Sepoy Mangal Pandey attacked British officers at the military garrison in Barrackpore, he was arrested and then executed on 8 April. Later that month, Sepoy troopers at Meerut, Bengal, refused to use the new Enfield rifle cartridges, and, as punishment, were given long prison sentences.
4) Shakeel Anwar. Doctrine of lapse was the pro-imperialist approach to expand the realm of British Kingdom in India. It was introduced by Dalhousie who was the Governor-General; it was used by him to annex the independent Indian States.
5) The company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur(1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (Chhattisgarh) (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854), Tore and Arcot (1855) under the terms of the doctrine of lapse. Oudh (1856) is widely believed to have been annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.
6) Because the British had this policy of 'Doctrine of Lapse' that did not recognize adopted sons as heirs to the throne. As Nana Saheb was adopted and not a natural heir, his claim to Baji Rao II's throne was ruled out.
7) Awadh was annexed on the pretext of misgovernance by the existing Nawab, Wajid Ali Shah. Awadh was the epicentre of the revolt of 1857. The revolt led to widespread death and destruction in Awadh. During the revolt, the sepoys murdered many British civilians and military personnel.
8) Bahadur Shah Zafar II
Lord Dalhousie announced in 1849 that the successors of Bahadur Shah Zafar II would not be permitted to use the Red Fort as their palace. This humiliated the Mughals.
9) In 1856 Lord Canning announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah his successors would not be allowed to use the imperial titles and dignities with their names, this announcement affected adversely the Mughal Dynasty in India.
10) Rani Laxmi bai become a bitter enemy to the british because when the British government composed doctrine of lapse on Indian States, Rani Lakshmi Bai asked them to recognize their adopted son as the heir of the kingdom. But they did not accepted their adopted their as the prince and took over Jhansi.
11) One of the consequences of the disbanding of the Armies of the annexed States by the British was that it lead to the thousands of people unemployed. These people earlier used to serve as soldiers in the regional states.
12) There was a common belief among the people that the ruler in India changed after every hundred years.
Explanation:
hope it helps you