Question

1)Write 3 differences between Dalton’s atomic theory and modern atomic theory?
2)Define atomic number and atomic mass with an example?

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Answer 1

Answer:

1) Dalton's Atomic Theory states that atoms are indivisible particles, whereas modern atomic theory acknowledges the existence of subatomic particles such as neutrons, protons, and electrons, which are smaller than the atom. Dalton also believed that atoms of a given element were identical in size, mass, and other properties, whereas modern atomic theory simply states that they are the same in average atomic mass. Furthermore, Dalton's Atomic Theory states that atoms of different elements differ in size and mass, but the modern atomic theory states that atoms of different elements differ in average atomic mass.

2) Atomic number is the number of protons within the nucleus of an atom of a given element. For instance, the atomic number of carbon is 6 because every atom of carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus. On the other hand, atomic mass is the weighted average of all isotopes of a given element based on their abundance (how much of them you find in nature). Carbon, for example, has an atomic mass of 12.011 amu because most of its atoms have a mass of 12 amu, though some have a higher mass of 14 or 13, giving it a slightly higher average.