1. Write any four conclusion from Rutherford Scattering Experiment.
2. What are radioactive isotopes? Write their important application.
Answers
•Conclusion of Rutherford's scattering experiment:
1. Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the α-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.
2. Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
3. A very small fraction of α-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.
4. Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiment shows the presence of nucleus in the atom.
•Radioactive isotope is any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.
• Applications:
1. In medicine radioactive isotopes are very useful. For example, cobalt-60 is extensively employed as a radiation source to arrest the development of cancer.
2. Radioactive isotopes are used as tracers for diagnostic purposes as well as in research on metabolic processes.
3. In industry, radioactive isotopes of various kinds are used for measuring the thickness of metal or plastic sheets; their precise thickness is indicated by the strength of the radiations that penetrate the material being inspected
Hope it did a little bit help to you
CONCLUSION :
1Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the α-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected.
2Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
3A very small fraction of α-particles were deflected by very large angles, indicating that all the positive charge and mass of the gold atom were concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.
Radioactive isotopes are the species of same element having same atomic number but different mass number nd are radioactive
They are used in
1 cancer treatment (cobalt)
2 sodium isotope for blood circulation
3 uranium in nuclear reactions etc