1) Write down different methods of food preservation ( given below) in detail and paste the pictures of items preserved by different methods and label a) Chemical method b) Preservation by common salt c) Preservation by sugar d) preservation by oil and vinegar e) Pasteurisation f) By cooling or freezing g) Canning or vacuum packing h) Preservation by heating i)By dehydration
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Explanation:
What are the different methods of Food Preservation?
Different Methods of Food Preservation
Different Methods of Food Preservation
Food preservation is known “as the science which deals with the process of prevention of decay or spoilage of food thus allowing it to be stored in a fit condition for future use”. Preservation ensures that the quality, edibility and the nutritive value of the food remains intact. Preservation involves preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms as well as retarding oxidation of fats to reduce rancidity. The process also ensures that there is no discolouration or aging. Preservation also involves sealing to prevent re-entry of microbes. Basically food preservation ensures that food remains in a state where it is
not contaminated by pathogenic organisms or chemicals
does not lose optimum qualities of colour, texture, flavor and nutritive value
Drying is the oldest method of food preservation. This method reduces water activity which prevents bacterial growth. Drying reduces weight so foods can be carried easily. Sun and wind are both used for drying as well as modern applications like Bed dryers, Fluidized bed dryers, Freeze Drying, Shelf dryers, Spray drying and Commercial food dehydrators and Household oven. Meat and fruits like apples, apricots and grapes are some examples of drying with this method.
Freezing is keeping prepared food stuffs in cold storages. Potatoes can be stored in dark rooms but potato preparations need to be frozen.
Smoking is the process that cooks, flavours and preserves food exposing it to the smoke from burning wood. Smoke is antimicrobial and antioxidant and most often meats and fish are smoked. Various methods of smoking are used like Hot smoking, Cold smoking, Smoke roasting and Smoke baking. Smoking as a preservative enhances the risk of cancer.
Vacuum packing creates a vacuum by making bags and bottles airtight. Since there is no oxygen in the created vacuum bacteria die. Usually used for dry fruit.
Salting and Pickling: Salting also known as curing removes moisture from foods like meat. Pickling means preserving food in brine (salt solution) or marinating in vinegar (acetic acid) and in Asia, oil is used to preserve foods. Salt kills and inhibits growth of microorganisms at 20% of concentration. There are various methods of pickling like chemical pickling and fermentation pickling. In commercial pickles sodium benzoate or EDTA is added to increase shelf life.
Sugar is used in syrup form to preserve fruits or in crystallized form if the material to be preserved is cooked in the sugar till crystallization takes place like candied peel and ginger. Another use is for glazed fruit that gets superficial coating of sugar syrup. Sugar is also used with alcohol to preserve luxury foods like fruit in brandy.
Lye also known as Sodium hydroxide turns food alkaline and prevents bacterial growth.
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