1.
Write short notes on the following:
निम्नलिखित पर संक्षिप्त में टिप्पणियाँ लिखिए :
( (a) Primary sources.
मौलिक स्रोत।
(b) Causation.
कार्यकारण।
(c) Dialectical materialism.
द्वन्द्वात्मक भौतिकवाद।
(d) History from below'.
'नीचे से इतिहास।
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Causation
Historical causation tries to find an explanation for changes and is often also used to predict events, by forecasting the effects of current events on future situations. Ideas about historical causation have changed dramatically over time, but the subject has always been at the center of how we understand our world.
Primary sources
n the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic.
Dialectical materialism
the Marxist theory (adopted as the official philosophy of the Soviet communists) that political and historical events result from the conflict of social forces and are interpretable as a series of contradictions and their solutions. The conflict is seen as caused by material needs.
History from below
A people's history, or history from below, is a type of historical narrative which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people rather than leaders. There is an emphasis on disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and otherwise marginal groups.
Historical causation tries to find an explanation for changes and is often also used to predict events, by forecasting the effects of current events on future situations. Ideas about historical causation have changed dramatically over time, but the subject has always been at the center of how we understand our world.
Primary sources
n the study of history as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original source of information about the topic.
Dialectical materialism
the Marxist theory (adopted as the official philosophy of the Soviet communists) that political and historical events result from the conflict of social forces and are interpretable as a series of contradictions and their solutions. The conflict is seen as caused by material needs.
History from below
A people's history, or history from below, is a type of historical narrative which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people rather than leaders. There is an emphasis on disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and otherwise marginal groups.
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