Question

1. Write the procedure of balancing of chemical reactions with two examples?

Answer 1

Step 1

• The unbalanced equation must be obtained from the chemical formulae of the reactants and the products (if it is not already provided).
• The chemical formula of propane is C3H8. It burns with oxygen (O2) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
• The unbalanced chemical equation can be written as C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Step 2

• The total number of atoms of each element on the reactant side and the product side must be compared. For this example, the number of atoms on each side can be tabulated as follows.

Step 3

• Now, stoichiometric coefficients are added to molecules containing an element which has a different number of atoms in the reactant side and the product side.
• The coefficient must balance the number of atoms on each side.
• Generally, the stoichiometric coefficients are assigned to hydrogen and oxygen atoms last.
• Now, the number of atoms of the elements on the reactant and product side must be updated.
• It is important to note that the number of atoms of an element in one species must be obtained by multiplying the stoichiometric coefficient with the total number of atoms of that element present in 1 molecule of the species.
• For example, when the coefficient 3 is assigned to the CO2 molecule, the total number of oxygen atoms in CO2 becomes 6. In this example, the coefficient is first assigned to carbon, as tabulated below.

Step 4

• Step 3 is repeated until all the number of atoms of the reacting elements are equal on the reactant and product side. In this example, hydrogen is balanced next. The chemical equation is transformed as follows.
• Now that the hydrogen atoms are balanced, the next element to be balanced is oxygen. There are 10 oxygen atoms on the product side, implying that the reactant side must also contain 10 oxygen atoms.
• Each O2 molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms. Therefore, the stoichiometric coefficient that must be assigned to the O2 molecule is 5. The updated chemical equation is tabulated below.

Step 5

• Once all the individual elements are balanced, the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant and product side are compared once again.
• If there are no inequalities, the chemical equation is said to be balanced.
• In this example, every element now has an equal number of atoms in the reactant and product side.
• Therefore, the balanced chemical equation is C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O.

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Answer 2

Steps of Balancing a Chemical Equation

• Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.
• What is the net charge on each side of the equation? The net charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced.
• If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the element is the same on each side of the equation. Remember, to balance an equation, you change the coefficients, not the subscripts in the formulas.
• Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. It's easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last.
• Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the equation is also balanced.

Example of Balancing a Chemical Equation

? CH4 + ? O2 → ? CO2 + ? H2O

Identify the elements in the equation: C, H, O

• Identify the net charge: no net charge, which makes this one easy!
• H is found in CH4 and H2O, so it's a good starting element.
• You have 4 H in CH4 yet only 2 H in H2O, so you need to double the coefficient of H2O to balance H.1 CH4 + ? O2 → ? CO2 + 2 H2O
• Looking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the same coefficient.1 CH4 + ? O2 → 1 CO2 + 2 H2O
• Finally, determine the O coefficient. You can see you need to double the O2 coefficient in order to get 4 O seen on the product side of the reaction.1 CH4 + 2 O2 → 1 CO2 + 2 H2O
• Check your work. It's standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the final balanced equation would be written:CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

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