Question

10.1 : Plant cell and Animal cell​

Answer 1

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Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane. In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane. This gives the plant cell its unique rectangular shape. Animal cells simply have a cell membrane, but no cell wall.

Answer 2

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Key Differences Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell

1. The fundamental and functional unit of life – The Cell, which can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic, single celled or multi-celled. But eukaryotes are further divided as Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.These are the types of multicellular, Eukaryotic cells, having many features common but plant cell possess certain other organelles such as the cell wall, chloroplast, and the vacuoles. These organelles are found to be absent in animal cells.
2. The Plant Cells are usually larger, which has fixed and rectangular shape, while animal cells are comparatively smaller in size, irregular and round.
3. The most important feature of Plant Cell is the presence of cell wall, along with the plasma membrane, while Animal cells do not possess
4. cell wall, but plasma membrane is present.
5. The nucleus is present in both the cells, but in Plant cell it lies on one side while it is present in the center of the Animal cell.
6. Centrosomes/Centrioles, Cilia, Desmosomes, Lysosomes are the organelles found absent in Plant cells, while they exist in Animal Cells.
7. Plastids, Glyoxysomes, Plasmodesmata, Chloroplast (for the preparation of food) are the features present in the Plant Cells but not found in Animal cells.
8. There is a huge vacuole present in Plant cells, but numerous and small vacuoles are present in Animal Cells.
9. Mitochondria if present is fewer in number, though they play a significant role in Animal Cells and are present in numbers. In Animal Cells they help in the production of energy.
10. The storing of energy is done by Chloroplast in Plant cells, which is absent in Animal Cells.
11. The reserve food material is Starch in Plant Cell and Glycogen in Animal Cells.
12. Synthesis of nutrients like amino acids, vitamins, and coenzymes is performed by the Plant cells, but Animal Cells are unable to do so.
13. Cytokinesis occurs by cell plate only in Plant Cells whereas in Animal Cells it occurs by furrowing or constrictions.

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