10. Describe brictly how we upu (11-16) Read the following passages. [Passage - 1] Civil engineering is one of the oldest disciplines of engineering. It involves the design, construction and management of infrastructure, highways, railways, airports, harbours, bridges, tunnels, ensuring supply of high quality water, among others, and hence the term is used in a very broad sense. It may not be an exaggeration to state that almost every major project has a contribution from a civil engineer. The role of the civil engineer has been continuously changing. Earlier, engineers would focus their efforts on production of site plans, crank out drawings, turn them over to contractors and pretty much be done with i ut things are much more sophisticated these days.
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Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[3] and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.[4] Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works departments through to federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to global Fortune 500 companies.
