10. How did the life style of tarmer-herder lead to early civilisations?
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Answer:
Since they provided people with milk and meat, they worked as a store of food when needed. Overall, this change led to people settling down in one place for longer times. As the man went from gathering to growing food, he began to put down roots
Bones unearthed from an ancient mound in Turkey suggest that humans there shifted their diet from hunting to herding over just a few centuries, findings that shed light on the dawn of agriculture, scientists say.Agriculture began in the Neolithic, or New Stone Age, about 11,500 years ago. Once- nomadic groups of people settled down and began farming and herding, fundamentally changing human society and how people related to nature.
The mound, whose name means "ankle bone hill," stands 52 feet (16 meters) high. The oldest levels of the area span from about 8,200 to 9,000 B.C., predating the emergence of pottery in the region. The mound formed as the result of people continually moving materials such as mud and wood to the settlement for buildings, fires and other purposes. Over centuries, the human-collected debris raised the height of the settlement, with residents adjusting their buildings accordingly.
Moreover, analysis of dung in the mound revealed that plant-eating animals were held captive inside the settlement, probably in between buildings. Altogether, these findings suggest the people in this area shifted from hunting to herding in just a few centuries.
The landscape around the Neolithic dig site in Turkey. (Image credit: MC Stiner)
Cultivating change
The cultivation of grain may have played a major role in the move from hunting to herding, said lead study author Mary Stiner, an archaeologist at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
"If people become more sedentary to take advantage of grains, they have a tendency to eat what's nearby, and the best and largest kinds of game will get targeted first," Stiner told Live Science. "Eventually, people will have to travel farther afield to get large animals. The alternative is to raise animals yourself."
In future studies, the researchers would like to examine the consequences of holding animals captive in the settlement for people.
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