10 new mathematical symbols with their origin , meaning and their use in different areas of mathematics
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The following are the mathematical symbols with their origin, meaning and use in mathematics:
- Greatest Integer symbol [x] , first used in 1962 by Kenneth E Iverson, which gives a greatest integer “less than” or “equal to” the integer.
- Arrow → , first used in 1940 by Witold Hurewicz, which is used in function notation f : X→Y , where X and Y are two sets.
- Empty Set ∅ , first used in 1939 by Andre Weil/Nicholas Bourbaki, which is used to represents the unique set having no elements.
- Universal quantifier ∀ , first used in 1935 by Gerhard Gentzen, which is used to represent all the elements.
- Bold Capital Z , first used in 1930 by Edmund Landav, which is used to represent all the integers.
- Bold Capital Q, first used in 1895 by Giuseppe Peano, which is used to represent all the rational numbers.
- Contour Integral Sign ∮x , first used in 1917 by Arnold Sommerfeld, it’s a line integral used to find the integral along a curve.
- Multiplication sign for cross product , first used in 1902 by Willard Gibbs, is a cross product symbol is a binary operation on two vectors in three-dimensional space.
- Matrix notation ,first used in 1909 by Gerherd Kovalewski, is a rectangular array of elements arranged in rows and columns.
- Existential Quantifier ∃, first used in 1897 by Giuseppe Peano, is a logical quantifier used to interpret as “ There Exists”.
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