Math, asked by toobazafarkhan, 1 year ago

10 simple and solved questions of differential equations

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Answered by handsomelover90
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Examples of Differential Equations

Example 1

We saw the following example in the Introduction to this chapter. It involves a derivative, \displaystyle\frac{{\left.{d}{y}\right.}}{{\left.{d}{x}\right.}}dxdy​:

\displaystyle\frac{{{\left.{d}{y}\right.}}}{{{\left.{d}{x}\right.}}}={x}^{2}-{3}dxdy​=x2−3

As we did before, we will integrate it. This will be a general solution (involving K, a constant of integration).

So we proceed as follows:

\displaystyle{y}=\int{\left({x}^{2}-{3}\right)}{\left.{d}{x}\right.}y=∫(x2−3)dx

and this gives

\displaystyle{y}=\frac{{x}^{3}}{{3}}-{3}{x}+{K}y=3x3​−3x+K

But where did that dy go from the \displaystyle\frac{{{\left.{d}{y}\right.}}}{{{\left.{d}{x}\right.}}}dxdy​? Why did it seem to disappear?

In this example, we appear to be integrating the xpart only (on the right), but in fact we have integrated with respect to y as well (on the left). DEs are like that - you need to integrate with respect to two (sometimes more) different variables, one at a time.

We could have written our question only using differentials:

dy = (x2 − 3)dx

(All I did was to multiply both sides of the original dy/dx in the question by dx.)

Now we integrate both sides, the left side with respect to y (that's why we use "dy") and the right side with respect to x (that's why we use "dx") :

\displaystyle\int{\left.{d}{y}\right.}=\int{\left({x}^{2}-{3}\right)}{\left.{d}{x}\right.}∫dy=∫(x2−3)dx

Then the answer is the same as before, but this time we have arrived at it considering the dy part more carefully:

\displaystyle{y}=\frac{{x}^{3}}{{3}}-{3}{x}+{K}y=3x3​−3x+K

On the left hand side, we have integrated \displaystyle\int{\left.{d}{y}\right.}=\int{1}{\left.{d}{y}\right.}∫dy=∫1dy to give us y.

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