10. What are the roles of different types of RNA in protein synthesis? Explain giving the
terms, transcription, translation and translocation
Answers
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Three kinds of RNA molecules perform different but cooperative functions in protein synthesis
1.Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of aseries of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
2.Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.
3.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules.
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Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.
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Translation is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target). Translation refers to written information, whereas interpretation refers to spoken information. ... Translation has been used by humans for centuries, beginning after the appearance of written literature.
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In genetics, the movement of a portion of one chromosome to another; in protein synthesis, the transfer of the newly elongated peptidyl-tRNA from the amino acyl site to the peptide site of a ribosome; in cell biology, the movement of a molecule across a barrier or between cytosol and membrane surface
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Three kinds of RNA molecules perform different but cooperative functions in protein synthesis
1.Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of aseries of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
2.Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.
3.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules.
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Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.
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Translation is the communication of meaning from one language (the source) to another language (the target). Translation refers to written information, whereas interpretation refers to spoken information. ... Translation has been used by humans for centuries, beginning after the appearance of written literature.
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In genetics, the movement of a portion of one chromosome to another; in protein synthesis, the transfer of the newly elongated peptidyl-tRNA from the amino acyl site to the peptide site of a ribosome; in cell biology, the movement of a molecule across a barrier or between cytosol and membrane surface