100 points contribution of toilet facilities.
Answers
Answer:
Toilet use is crucial to unlocking social and economic progress in India, and to saving the lives of thousands of children.
At the moment, 564 million people, that’s just under half the population in India, do not yet use a toilet. Instead, they go out in the open in open fields, railway tracks, garbage dumps, parks and roadside ditches. This is incredibly dangerous, as exposure to human waste causes diarrhoea and other diseases that can be deadly, especially for children.
In 2015 it was estimated that 2.4 billion people globally had no access to improved sanitation facilities. Of them, 946 million defecate in the open. Of these 564 million live in India.
In rural India, where 61% of the population defecate in the open, it is practised among all socio-economic groups. In urban India, 10% of the population practice open defecation. More than half the children living in slums in Delhi don’t use toilets.
Ending open defecation is not just about access to toilets it’s about generating demand for toilets and getting everyone to use them every single day. Open defecation is an age old practice that is seen as ‘normal’ in many communities. Team Swachh is a movement to create a new normal where everyone understands the importance of toilets and uses them.
WHY TOILETS ARE IMPORTANT
Toilet use is essential to the survival and development of all children in India and around the world, as exposure to human waste causes diseases such as diarrhoea.
Every day, almost 400 children under five in India die from diarrhoea linked to poor sanitation and hygiene. India has the highest number of diarrhoea related deaths among children under five worldwide. Diarrhoea and other sanitation related diseases can prevent children from being able to absorb the nutrients in their food, leading to undernutrition.
Open defecation has also been linked to stunting. In India, almost 38% of all children under five are stunted, meaning their physical and cognitive development is reduced, often resulting in poor educational outcomes. The repercussions of stunting can be felt beyond the individual child and can impact entire communities and generations in terms of economic and social development. Stunted bodies, stunted brains, and stunted lives.
For women and girls, sanitation is important for their health, safety and dignity. For women and adolescent girls, toilets provide a space to manage their menstrual hygiene, and are an important measure in lowering the risk of harassment when defecating in the open around dusk and dawn.
Toilet use is not just important for the health of children, but for national progress. According to the World Bank, poor sanitation causes India economic losses amounting to 6.4% of India’s GDP in 2006 or USD 53.8 billion (Rs. 2.4 trillion) per year, which is equivalent to USD $43 for every Indian per year.
Toilets are essential for clean, and healthy communities and contribute to the social and economic development of India. Team Swachh supports the Government of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission to improve sanitation for all by 2019.
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Answer:
When Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during the 'Satyagraha Se Swachhagraha' event in Bihar's Motihari district on April 10, congratulated the state government for building 850,000 toilets in a week, he, perhaps, missed a point: presence of toilets is not the only yardstick to measure sanitation status. If we look at the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation's data for Barh block (which has Barh town, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar’s constituency), it becomes evident that the mission of ensuring 100 per cent household toilet coverage will be completed by April 2020—as opposed to 2051 previously estimated—considering the rate of construction remains the same as that of 2017-18.
In Patna district, the rate of construction of toilets increased by three times, five times and 19 times in 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively, in comparison to 2014-15 when Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched. At the current rate of construction, the mission of 100 per cent household toilet coverage will be achieved by October 2021. Similarly, in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh—where PM Modi’s constituency is located—the rate of construction increased by three times, 16 times and 44 times in 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 respectively, in comparison to 2014-15. At the current rate of construction, the mission of 100 per cent household toilet coverage will be completed by September 2018. The estimates in 2016 suggested that it would 100 per cent coverage can only be achieved by 2048.
Down To Earth recently travelled to Gonda district in Uttar Pradesh and found that there, too, constructing toilets is the goal, instead of ending open defecation.