100 word essay on isro
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The modern branch of space research started with the setting up of the Indian Meteorological Department at Colaba, Bombay (Mumbai) in the year 1823. The Calcutta (Kolkata) University started the study of space and ionosphere, located in the upper regions of our atmosphere, around the mid – 20’s of the last century followed by higher studies in the field of astrophysics. This gained momentum in the 50’s spreading to other centres over the country followed by the setting up of high power telescopes at the Madras ( Chennai) and Kodaikanal observatories.
Modern space proramme received an impetus with the leadership of Dr. Vikarm Sarabhai and facilities developed at Thumba, near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for lunching of space vehicles. This facilitated the two stage launch of a Soundind Rocket in 1969 and India was on its way.
Indian Space Research Organization functioning under the aegis of Department of space, Government of India is the apex body for providing direction of our space programme in terms of scientific and administrative functioning. It is overall responsible for execution, planning and management of space related technology and applications. There are several units and auxiliary wings functioning in tandem with ISRO which are the SHAR centre at Sriharikota, the Vikarm Sarabhai Centre at Thiruvananthapuram, the Space Application Centre at Ahmadabad, ISRO Satellite Centre located in Bengaluru etc.
The expense incurred are quite mind-boggling but it has been found necessary for weather survey, geological mapping and survey, satellite communication and remote sensing. They are also of help in the research of atmosphere and meteorology. And for these we need indigenous technology for developing rockets and satellite to help in the research activities.
ISRO has successfully developed various types needed to reach different levels of the atmosphere and to be remote controlled to send back the necessary dat. The range is wide from a rocket able to lift a 10 kgs payload to a height of 10 kilometers to the one capable of rising to more than 300 kilometers with a heavier pay load of about a 100 kgs.
Several launch vehicles have been successfully used by ISRO in the SLV series and the PCLV series which have resulted in our country being bracketed in the category of countries capable of launching Intermediate Range of Ballistic Missiles. The necessity of developing these IRB missiles was felt as Pakistan, our neighbor and enemy country was already into this with their Ghaurim Ghazanavi and HATF missiles tested and deployed against us. China has been covertly and overtly transporting the necessary know how to them over the decades the developed countries of the Western hemisphere have been unduly pressuring India to ban its space programmes while they have not been able to restrain Pakistan.
We deserve kudos for being successful in our developments under a total ban on any supply of missile technology from any country at all whereas Pakistan had the advantage of dedicated help form China and North Korea. The development of this technology, although more expensive for us, was needed to ward of threat from our neighbors, right fully acting as a deterrent. The Vikarm Sarabhai Space Centre was entrusted the task of the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle and the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, ASLV and PSLV, which they successfully did.
The first satellite developed and launched by us was the ‘Aryabhatta’ in April 1975, although it was out in orbit by a Soviet Cosmos Rocket from a Soviet cosmodrome. This marked the first step in competent satellite technology. A remote sensing satellite ‘ Bhaskara’ followed in June 1977 again from the erstwhile USSR. This contained two TV cameras and three microwave radiometers to transmit remote sensing imagery. Bhaskara II followed in 1981 and was in use till recently for imageries. Other functions and experiments are still continuing.
The more versatile INSAT series was planned for domestic telecommunications, geological and meteorological surveys and direct television transmission , all over the country network for beaming rural programmes. Unfortunately the first in the series INSAT-1A launched in 1982 could not be fully activated initially. In needed the support of the multipurpose satellite INSAT-1B launched in August 1983, to restore its operating capability. The use of the US space shuttle Challenger was instrumental for its launch.
Answer:
Indian Space Research Organization [a] (ISRO / ʊsro) /) or (IAST: Bhāratīya Antrikh Anusandhān Saṅgaṭhan) is the National Space Agency of India, headquartered in Bengaluru. It works under the Department of Space (DoS), overseen directly by the Prime Minister of India, while the chairman of ISRO also serves as an executive of the DoS. ISRO is the primary agency in India for work related to the development of space based applications, space exploration and related technologies. [7] It is one of the six government space agencies in the world, with full launch capability, deploying cryogenic engines, launching supernatural missions, and operating large fleets of artificial satellites. [7] [b] The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was established by Jawaharlal Nehru [8] under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) in 1962, in which scientist Vikram Sarabhai recognized the need for space research. . INCOSPAR grew up and became ISRO in 1969, [9] also under DAE. [10] [11] In 1972, the Government of India established the Space Commission and Department of Space (DOS), [12] bringing ISRO under DOS. Thus the establishment of ISRO institutionalized space research activities in India. [13] It is managed by DOS, which reports to the Prime Minister of India. [16] ISRO built India's first satellite Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975. [15] It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed into orbit by the Indian-made launch vehicle SLV-3. ISRO later developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to launch satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to place satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched several communication satellites and Earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems such as GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine CE-7.5 at the GSLV-D5 launch of GSAT-14. [16] [17]
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