11. (a) Define the term distillation. (b) Where is it used?
(c) When is fractional distillation used?
Answers
Answer:
when miscible substance select or separate from an liquid
Answer:
a) Distillation:- The process of distillation is used to separate two miscible
liquids. The technique of distillation is based on the difference in
boiling points of components of mixture of miscible liquids.
Distillation is to separate the liquids which do not decompose
even upto their boiling points and should boil at more than 25°C. In the process of distillation, the mixture is heated after keeping in a retort or distillation flask. The liquid which boils at lower temperature is vaporized at lower temperature. The vapour so
obtained is passed through a tube and gets condensed in a separate container; leaving liquid with higher boiling point in te
retort or distillation flask.
b) Use of Distillation:- used to separate two or more miscible liquids This method is applied to separate two miscible liquids that boil without decomposition and have sufficient difference in boiling points At least 25K.The process of distillation is used to purify many liquids, such as water.
c) Use of Fractional Distillation:- In petroleum refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas processing and cryogenic air separation plants.
•In oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances (or fractions).
• In the process of organic juice.
• In the separation of oxygen, liquid nitrogen and argon from air.
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