11. Keeping in mind the salient features of resource conservation and sustainable development, propose a new
method to save any one resource.
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Answers
Answer:
The Earth’s natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, fuels, plants, and animals. Conservation is the practice of caring for these resources so all living things can benefit from them now and in the future.
All the things we need to survive, such as food, water, air, and shelter, come from natural resources. Some of these resources, like small plants, can be replaced quickly after they are used. Others, like large trees, take a long time to replace. These are renewable resources.
Other resources, such as fossil fuels, cannot be replaced at all. Once they are used up, they are gone forever. These are nonrenewable resources.
People often waste natural resources. Animals are overhunted. Forests are cleared, exposing land to wind and water damage. Fertile soil is exhausted and lost to erosion because of poor farming practices. Fuel supplies are depleted. Water and air are polluted.
If resources are carelessly managed, many will be used up. If used wisely and efficiently, however, renewable resources will last much longer. Through conservation, people can reduce waste and manage natural resources wisely.
The population of human beings has grown enormously in the past two centuries. Billions of people use up resources quickly as they eat food, build houses, produce goods, and burn fuel for transportation and electricity. The continuation of life as we know it depends on the careful use of natural resources.
The need to conserve resources often conflicts with other needs. For some people, a wooded area may be a good place to put a farm. A timber company may want to harvest the area’s trees for construction materials. A business may want to build a factory or shopping mall on the land.
All these needs are valid, but sometimes the plants and animals that live in the area are forgotten. The benefits of development need to be weighed against the harm to animals that may be forced to find new habitats, the depletion of resources we may want in the future (such as water or timber), or damage to resources we use today.
Development and conservation can coexist in harmony. When we use the environment in ways that ensure we have resources for the future, it is called sustainable development. There are many different resources we need to conserve in order to live sustainably.
Answer:
Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources
Programme description
Title: Conservation and sustainable use of natural resources
Commissioned by: German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)
Country: Madagascar
Lead executing agency: Ministère de l'Environnement et du Développement Durable (MEDD) (Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development)
Overall term: 2015 to 2020
Context
Madagascar is world-famous for its unique biodiversity. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) classifies the country as fragile: rapid population growth, unsuitable cultivation methods and a strong demand for wood fuel among the population, most of whom live below the poverty line, are causing progressive deforestation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss. The illegal export of high-grade timber, gemstones and animals exacerbate these problems. The institutional framework, technical expertise and capacity of the public services and users are insufficient for the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.
Objective
The conservation and sustainable, climate-resilient use of natural resources in and around protected areas is improved.
Approach
The environmental project contributes to ensuring that the use of natural resources in and around protected areas is sustainable and climate-resilient. It works in the DIANA, Boeny, Atsimo-Andrefana and Analamanga regions.
By generating added value from natural resources, the population learns to manage protected areas and forests sustainably and to generate permanent income, for instance through honey, ecotourism, timber or ‘green’ charcoal.
The project supports micro enterprises and cooperatives with producing and marketing ‘green’ charcoal, i.e. charcoal from sustainable forestry produced in more efficient kilns. Energy-saving cooking stoves for households round off the commitment.
The project provides support with updating existing and developing new policies and legislation in the sector as well as with creating municipal and regional land-use plans.
The management of small-scale mines is improved in order to comply with fair trade standards in the medium term. Dialogue forums with miners, specialist services, the private sector and civil society contribute to responsible governance in small-scale mining. Abandoned mining sites are rehabilitated. The measures are cofinanced by the Australian Government (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, DFAT).
The ability to adapt to the effects of climate change in this highly vulnerable country is strengthened through national action plans, systematic consideration in key policy areas and public relations work. For instance, adaptation projects are implemented at community level. This work is cofinanced by the European Union.
Agricultural/forestry value chains improve incomes in households in the DIANA/Ambilobe region. To safeguard the natural production base
Results
980,000 hectares of forest and conservation areas are protected through usage rights and the local population supports the endeavour.
6,430 households, of which some 35 per cent are women, have been able to improve their income by an average of 77 per cent through activities in the promoted value chains such as honey, raffia, timber, ‘green’ charcoal or ecotourism.
Today, Madagascar has improved legal and institutional instruments for sustainable development. At government level, there is a forestry and an environmental policy, as well as strategies for restoring woodlands and for the supply of wood fuel.87 communities and three regions have land-use plans.
In small-scale mining, 135 gemstone miners were trained to be able to assess the quality of their finds better and strengthen their sales position. 30 women process and sell costume jewellery made from less valuable stones, which has helped them increase their income.
Explanation: