Question

12 Explain the political situation of Italy before
its unification.
or Give a brief account of political fragments of
Italy.​

Answer 1

Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. This is shown in the points below

(i) Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg empire.

(ii) During the middle of the 19th century, Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, Sardinia- Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House.

(iii) The North was under Austrian Habsburg, the center was ruled by the pope and the Southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.

(iv) Even the Italian language had not any standard common form. It had many’regional and local variations.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Italy didn't exist as a unified nation in the 19th century. The North was under the Austrian Habsburg Empire. The middle regions were ruled by the Pope while the Southern part including the two Kingdoms of Sicilies was under the Bourbon Kings of Spain.

Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian Princely House.