12. Write an essay on one of the following topics in about
200 words :
(i) Soaring prices of essential commodities
(ii) The use and abuse of mobile phones
(1) Corruption in our society,
(iv) Your plan for future
(v) Our changing villages
Answers
Answer:
Soaring prices of essential commodities
The rapid increase in prices is causing anxiety amongst the people of India. Price rise is a world wide phenomenon and India is no exception. Prices of everything are sky rocketing, even of the essential commodities like gas, pulses, sugar, edible oils, tea, food grains, petrol, etc. What causes price rise and what effect it has on the people?
When the total demand is greater than total supply of goods and services, it causes prices to rise. However, what causes the demand to increase? Economists have pointed out that factors, such as increase in disposable income, consumer spending, public expenditure, black money, etc. are responsible for exceeding demand. Similarly there are certain factors, such as less or slow production, natural calamities, artificial scarcities increase in export, etc., which are responsible for shortage of supply
Answer:
First of all, Bribery is the most common method of Corruption. Bribery involves the improper use of favours and gifts in exchange for personal gain. Furthermore, the types of favours are diverse. Above all, the favours include money, gifts, company shares, sexual favours, employment, entertainment, and political benefits. Also, personal gain can be – giving preferential treatment and overlooking crime.
Embezzlement refers to the act of withholding assets for the purpose of theft. Furthermore, it takes place by one or more individuals who were entrusted with these assets. Above all, embezzlement is a type of financial fraud.
The graft is a global form of Corruption. Most noteworthy, it refers to the illegal use of a politician’s authority for personal gain. Furthermore, a popular way for the graft is misdirecting public funds for the benefit of politicians.
Extortion is another major method of Corruption. It means to obtain property, money or services illegally. Above all, this obtainment takes place by coercing individuals or organizations. Hence, Extortion is quite similar to blackmail.
Favouritism and nepotism is quite an old form of Corruption still in usage. This refers to a person favouring one’s own relatives and friends to jobs. This is certainly a very unfair practice. This is because many deserving candidates fail to get jobs.
Abuse of discretion is another method of Corruption. Here, a person misuses one’s power and authority. An example can be a judge unjustly dismissing a criminal’s case.
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