Question

12th chemistry practical cbse course

Answer 1

Unit I: Solid State (Periods 12) Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type semiconductors. Unit II: Solutions (Periods 12) Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, van't Hoff factor. Unit III: Electrochemistry (Periods 14) Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and emf of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion. Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics (Periods 12) Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: Concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation. Unit V: Surface Chemistry (Periods 8) Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion-types of emulsions. Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements (Periods 8) PCl3, PCl5 Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction-electrolytic method and refining; currence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron. Unit VII: p-Block Elements (Periods 14) Group-15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties & uses; compounds of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (Structure only); Phosphorus-allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: Preparation and properties of phosphine, halides and oxoacids (elementary idea only). Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of oxides, Ozone, Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, sulphuric acid: Industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; Oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only). Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only). Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.